Inhibition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by pesticides: Is this a partial explanation for the difficulty in isolating this fungus from the soil?

Ono, M. A.; Itano, E. N.; Mizuno, L. T.; Mizuno, E. H. F.; Camargo, Z. P.

doi:10.1080/714031147

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Although new PCM cases are still being reported in agricultural areas, data on the contemporary incidence and prevalence of this disease are lacking, since the reporting of PCM is not compulsory. In the future, the epidemiologic data related to new PCM cases, especially those for the acute and subacute forms, would help to determine if this mycosis is declining in areas where sugar cane cultivation predominates (63,64,70).…”

Section: Age and Occupational Profile Of Patients With Paracoccidioidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, a change appears to be occurring in relation to agriculture, as recent practices entail the intensive use of insecticides and soil burning, such as that done in sugar cane plantations, now replacing coffee crops in several of the areas where PCM is endemic. As a consequence, the fungus in its alleged soil habitat is destroyed, and human exposure would no longer be as common (64,70). Although new PCM cases are still being reported in agricultural areas, data on the contemporary incidence and prevalence of this disease are lacking, since the reporting of PCM is not compulsory.…”

Section: Age and Occupational Profile Of Patients With Paracoccidioidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones and the Resistance of Women to Paracoccidioidomycosis

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY Paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most important endemic and systemic mycoses in Latin America, presents several clinical pictures. Epidemiological studies indicate a striking rarity of disease (but not infection) in females, but only during the reproductive years. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis . Many fungi have been shown to use hormonal (pheromonal) fungal molecules for intercellular communication, and there are increasing numbers of examples of interactions between mammalian hormones and fungi, including the specific binding of mammalian hormones by fungal proteins, and suggestions of mammalian hormonal modulation of fungal behavior. This suggests an evolutionary conservation of hormonal receptor systems. We recount studies showing the specific hormonal binding of mammalian estrogen to proteins in P. brasiliensis and an action of estrogen to specifically block the transition from the saprophytic form to the invasive form of the fungus in vitro . This block has been demonstrated to occur in vivo in animal studies. These unique observations are consistent with an estrogen-fungus receptor-mediated effect on pathogenesis. The fungal genes responsive to estrogen action are under study.

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Section: Age and Occupational Profile Of Patients With Paracoccidioidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age and Occupational Profile Of Patients With Paracoccidioidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones and the Resistance of Women to Paracoccidioidomycosis

et al. 2011

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“…[4][5][6][7]34,35 The infection is more prevalent in rural dwellers, but recent epidemiological data suggest that changes in agricultural practices such as extensive use of agricultural pesticides, especially azole derivatives, and the progressive mechanization of the plantations may result in a reduction in the incidence of infection in some areas. 2,9,36,37 One of the characteristics of PCM is its distribution according to gender: the chronic form of the disease is more prevalent in males aged 30 to 60 years. The average male to female ratio is 13:1, but it may be as high as 150:1 in Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis

Queiroz‐Telles

Escuissato

2011

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Paracoccidioidomycosis is a subacute or chronic systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a soil saprophyte and thermally dimorphic fungus. The disease occurs mainly in rural workers in Latin America and is the most frequent endemic systemic mycosis in many countries of South America, where almost 10 million people are believed to be infected. Paracoccidioidomycosis should be regarded as a disease of travelers outside the endemic area. The primary pulmonary infection is subclinical in most cases, and individuals may remain infected throughout life without ever developing clinical signs. A small proportion of patients present with clinical disease. The lungs are frequently involved, and the pulmonary clinical manifestations must be differentiated from many other infectious and noninfectious conditions. Diagnosis should be based on epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data. Effective treatment regimens are available to control the fungal infection, but most patients develop fibrotic sequelae that may severely hamper respiratory and adrenal function and the patient's well-being.

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“…Some factors which might contribute to reducing the incidence of PCM cases are preference for urban than rural areas, agricultural mechanization and the employment of pesticides to which Paracoccidioides spp. is sensitive to [1,3,62]. The proportion of rural/urban population in Guarapuava has halved between the 1991 and 2010 demographic censuses [63].…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG reactivity profile to Paracoccidioides spp. antigens in people with asymptomatic Paracoccidioidomycosis

Lenhard-Vidal

Bender

Assolini

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides spp. As the disease is known to affect mostly men over 40 years old who previously worked handling soil, some cities of agricultural economy in endemic regions may have more cases of paracoccidioidal infection. Gap statement. The true frequency of PCM cannot be established in Brazil because it is not a disease of mandatory reporting. The detection of paracoccidioidal infection may assist in the planning of health services, in order to provide early detection of the disease and to prevent its worsening or even progression to death. In addition, little is described about sera reactivity with antigens from different species of Paracoccidiodes, especially P. lutzii. Aim. Current research was conducted in an inland municipality of southern Brazil, in order to assess infection rate within this endemic region of PCM disease. Methodology. ELISA was employed to evaluate 359 sera from random volunteers from Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, to detect IgG against cell-free antigens (CFA) from P. restrepiensis B339, P. americana LDR3 and P. lutzii LDR2. Confirmatory ELISA employed gp43 from B339. Reduction of cross-reactions was sought by treatment with sodium metaperiodate (SMP-CFA, SMP-gp43). Immunoblot was performed with 37 selected sera among those reactive in ELISA. Epidemiological profile was assessed by questionnaire. Results. ELISA reactivity was: CFA/SMP-CFA in general 37.3/17.8 %, B339 25.3/14.5 %, LDR3 24.5/1.4 %, LDR2 8.3/5.8 %; gp43/SMP-gp43 7.2/4.7 %. There were sera reactive with multiple CFAs. In immunoblot, five sera showed the same reaction profile with P. lutzii’s antigens as PCM disease sera. Rural residence and soil-related professions were risk factors for paracoccidioidal infection. Conclusion. The low prevalence is in accordance with previous reports of lower PCM disease endemicity in Guarapuava than in other areas of Paraná. Although P. brasiliensis seems to be the prevalent strain of the region, 21 sera from people who only lived in Guarapuava reacted with P. lutzii LDR2. CFA-ELISA with whole antigens seems a good option for serological screening in epidemiological surveys.

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Inhibition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by pesticides: Is this a partial explanation for the difficulty in isolating this fungus from the soil?

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Hormones and the Resistance of Women to Paracoccidioidomycosis

Hormones and the Resistance of Women to Paracoccidioidomycosis

Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis

IgG reactivity profile to Paracoccidioides spp. antigens in people with asymptomatic Paracoccidioidomycosis

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