Inhibition of osmotic permeabilty of caprine erythrocytes by mercuric chloride in osmotic fragility models

Abstract

Mercuric chloride interferes with erythrocyte membrane and can alter erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Saline and saccharide media have been used in erythrocyte osmotic fragility techniques. Inhibition of erythrocyte osmotic permeability by mercuric chloride was assessed in 10 apparently healthy non-pregnant and non-lactating Sahel does aged two and half years each by dentition. Packed cell volume, erythrocyte count and mean corpuscular volume were determined and calculated using standard methods from heparinised blood from the jugular vein. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was determined in hypotonic saline, glucose or sucrose medium without and with added mercuric chloride. Erythrocyte parameters were all within normal range for the species. With added mercuric chloride, osmotic stabilization was 84-92% at saline concentrations of 90-300 mOsmol/L, at glucose concentrations of 90-270 mOsmol/L, 9-88% erythrocyte osmotic stabilization was recorded while 39-95% stabilization was observed at sucrose concentrations of 90-270 mOsmol/L. Mercuric chloride inhibited erythrocyte osmotic stability in saline and saccharide media with the highest stabilization in high concentration (300mOsmol/L) of saline, higher stabilization in median (210-270mOsmol/L) and high concentrations of saline than in glucose or sucrose and the least stabilization effect was observed in low (90-180mOsmol/L) and median concentrations of glucose.

Osmotic fragility duringin vitroerythrocyte cytotoxicity induced by aluminium chloride, lead acetate or mercuric chloride in hyposmolar sucrose media

“…Mercuric chloride induced increased EOF and erythrocyte destabilization in LH media with low probability and moderate intensity, consistent with reports of mercuric ion-induced hemolysis in slightly hyposmolar or isosmolar media (Kerek et al ., 2018; Igbokwe, 2016; Igbokwe et al ., 2018). Aluminium chloride and lead acetate had more destabilizing effects in LH than HH media.…”

“…However, the EOF outcomes from individual goats exposed to lead and mercuric ions expressed osmotic resistance and fragility as variants to the adverse effects. The no-observed effect was a nullification of opposing amplitudes in the toxic action which was made obvious by extension of the exposure level to lower levels (Igbokwe, 2016) or further reduction of hyposmolarity (Igbokwe et al ., 2018). The biphasic or dual outcome with similar quantitative features across the phases was a subtle pointer to a hormetic threshold indicated by the EOF model.…”

“…Toxicities involving aluminium and lead ions were reported to increase EOF (Igbokwe, 2018).There was hemolysis of erythrocytes exposed to mercuric ions in isotonic (154 mMol) or slightly hypotonic (150 mMol) saline (Kerek et al, 2018) and slightly hypotonic (300 mosmol/L) glucose or sucrose (Igbokwe, 2016;Igbokwe et al, 2018), as well as erythrocytes exposed to lead ions in normal saline (Mrugesh et al, 2011).The increased fragility reflects the induction of erythroncosis and erythronecrosis (Barros et al, 2001;Vossenkamper and Warnes, 2019). On the other hand, decreased EOF was also reported in toxicities of erythrocytes with aluminium and mercuric ions (Igbokwe, 2018).…”

“…On the other hand, decreased EOF was also reported in toxicities of erythrocytes with aluminium and mercuric ions (Igbokwe, 2018). Eryptosis has been reported in erythrocytes exposed to aluminium, lead and mercuric ions (Repsold and Joubert, 2018), which could elicit osmotic resistance by decreasing erythrocyte volume (Bortner and Cidlowski, 2002) and inhibiting water channels to reduce water flux (Igbokwe et al ., 2018, 2019). Therefore, we hypothesized that the in vitro response of goat erythrocytes to cytotoxic injury could cause decreased or increased EOF because of EVD or NVI, respectively (Barros et al ., 2001; Bortner and Cidlowski, 2002) and subsequently proposed an in vitro model of EOF for the assessment of the effect on plasma membrane stability due to eryptosis or erythroncotic necrosis caused by metallotoxic compounds (Figure 1).…”