Inhibition of nucleation and crystal growth of calcium carbonate in hard waters using <i>Paronychia arabica</i> in an arid desert region

Karar, Amina; Henni, Abdellah; Namoune, Farid; Rosei, Federico

doi:10.1111/wej.12596

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…According to Karar et al (2020) chronoamperometry was used in another attempt to study the effect of a new green antiscalant agent, also known as the aqueous extract of paronychia Arabica (PA) on the precipitation of CaCO 3 in a desert area. When using the concentration of 150 mg/L of green extract, the results have shown that scaling was completely inhibited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate scaling prevention by a green chemical inhibitor, gallic acid

Boumagoura

Ghizellaoui

Rhouati

et al. 2021

Water & Environment J

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This work deals with the inhibition of the scaling capacity of Hamma Bouziane (HB) groundwater (Algeria). In this study, the scale inhibition efficiency of gallic acid on calcium carbonate formation was assessed using chronoamperometry and impedancemetry. Owing to its characteristics of non‐toxicity and biodegradability, gallic acid can be classified as a green inhibitor. The obtained results showed that the addition of 1 mg/L of gallic acid to HB water significantly slows down scale formation, while the total inhibition of CaCO3 deposition needed only 4 mg/L. Thus, gallic acid proved to be an effective scaling inhibitor at very low concentration. The formed deposit was analysed by X‐Ray Diffractometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results revealed that the predominant crystal structure is a mixture of calcite and aragonite in the presence of an inhibitor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate scaling prevention by a green chemical inhibitor, gallic acid

Boumagoura

Ghizellaoui

Rhouati

et al. 2021

Water & Environment J

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“…It was observed that the presence of the extract reduces the amount of scale deposited on the entire surface of the electrode. This inhibitor can be used for groundwater in conventional electrochemical cells with three electrodes, where the water temperature can reach 32 • C. It was observed that, at concentrations of 80 ppm of the PA extract, there is a partial inhibition of the CaCO 3 deposition and when the concentration of the inhibitor was increased to 150 ppm, no scale was formed [39].…”

Section: Complexing Agents and Other Inhibitors Of Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Techniques to Reduce and Prevent Carbonate Scale. Prospecting in Water Treatment by Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Moya

Botella

2021

Water

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Carbonate scale is one of the main problems in hot water systems, and therefore, interest in this subject has grown since 2000s. Water treatments, based on magnetic and electromagnetic (EM) techniques to prevent scale, are being commercialized, but their effectiveness is not clearly demonstrated because it depends on temperature, pressure, dissolved CO2, pH, field intensity, water flow, etc. In this paper, a review of these techniques, together with other classical techniques, such as chemical softening, the use of inhibitors, ion exchange, electrochemical and membrane treatments is presented. The latter alter the composition of the water and generate hazardous waste for health and the environment, unlike magnetic and EM treatments, which are considered non-invasive techniques. Different hypotheses are used to explain the effect of these treatments, such as the formation of aragonite instead of calcite or crystal nuclei formation within the fluid. Analysis of salts formed with SEM, X-ray diffraction, or colorimetric tests seem to support the efficiency of these treatments since study in the fluid is not easy. Dissolution of the formed scale or its prevention endorse the commercialization of these techniques, but their effectiveness must be verified in each installation.

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