Inhibition of microRNA-30d attenuates the apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of degenerative human nucleus pulposus cells by up-regulating SOX9

Dioscin Attenuates Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-Induced Catabolism and Apoptosis via Modulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells

“…In healthy NP tissue, the NP cells maintain the metabolic balance of ECM, including aggrecan and collagen, with long half-lives [ 8 ]. A recent study showed that apoptosis of NP cells is closely related to ECM degradation [ 34 ]. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) attract death-related signaling complexes through interaction with their specific ligands, and then initiate apoptotic signaling, contributing to DNA fragmentation [ 35 ].…”

Emerging evidence on noncoding-RNA regulatory machinery in intervertebral disc degeneration: a narrative review

“…Similarly, the expression of miR-21 [36], miR-499a-5p [40], miR-486-5p [46], miR-125a [51], miR-145 [56], and miR-573 [57] are decreased in IDD, which act as apoptosis inhibitors via binding to the 3′UTRs of mRNAs of PTEN, SOX4, FOXO1, TP53INP1, ADAM17, and Bax, respectively. In contrast to these findings, miRNAs such as miR-27a [39], miR-494 [41,42], miR-30d [43], miR-222-3p [44], miR-15a [45], miR-143 [49], miR-532 [50], miR-138-5p [55] in NP cells, miR-106a-5p [8] in AF cells, and miR-34a [7] and miR-221 [52] in CEP cells, display potential proapoptotic effects in IDD, via inhibiting the expression of downstream hub proteins in several pathways. Apart from the aforementioned mechanisms, miRNAs, i.e., miR-153-3p, participating in the autophagy, also contributes to the disc degeneration eventually [58].…”

“…Wang et al discovered that miR-21 is upregulated in IDD tissues and positively correlated with the degradation grade, which indicates miR-21 cannot only inhibit NP cell apoptosis and promote proliferation as mentioned above, but also promote ECM degradation through repressing the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [38]. SRYrelated high-mobility group box (SOX)-4 and SOX9 are respectively targeting molecules of miR-499a-5p [40], miR-494 [41], and miR30d [43], by repressing the apoptosis of NP cells and ECM degradation.…”

Role of microRNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration (Review)

“…When NPCs become apoptotic, the amount of ECM is reduced, and the water in the IVD tissue cannot be retained, resulting in the loss of biomechanical properties (45). NPC apoptosis is considered to be an important mechanism involved in IDD, and some miRNAs have been reported to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis in NPCs (Table II) (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64).…”