Inhibition of LPS-stimulated ROS production by fluorinated and hydroxylated chalcones in RAW 264.7 macrophages with structure-activity relationship study

N-Acetylcysteine Suppresses LPS-Induced Pathological Angiogenesis

“…In vivo studies demonstrated that LPS exposure caused large amounts of ROS production in activated microglia, which, in turn, cause neuronal damage [15]. Many compounds have been found to possess the inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [16].…”

Inhibitory Activity of Halogenated 3‐Benzylidenechroman‐4‐ones Against Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated Reactive Oxygen Species Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

“…Moreover, some chalcone derivatives showed inhibitory effect on COX/5‐LOX and MCP‐1 expression in macrophages via inhibition of ROS and Akt signaling . Previously, our research group also reported synthesis and inhibitory activity of fluorophenyl and heterocyclic rings containing chalcone derivatives against LPS‐stimulated ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages (Figure (b)) . In a recent study, we reported synthesis of halogenated 2‐benzylidene‐1‐indanone derivatives (Figure (c)) as inhibitor of LPS‐stimulated ROS production via modulation of NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase .…”

“…RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were purchased from the Korean cell line bank (Seoul, Korea) and routinely cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% (vol/vol) penicillin‐streptomycin at an incubator with humidified atmosphere of 95% oxygen and 5% CO 2 …”

“…Cell viability was assessed using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, cells were initially seeded at a density of 5 × 10 4 cells/well in 96‐well plates . After overnight culture, cells were treated with the indicated compounds for 24 h and further incubated with 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfopheny)‐2H‐tetrazoli‐um (MTS) solution (20 μL) for additional 2 h at 37°C.…”

“…For the measurement of ROS production, cells were initially seeded at a density of 2 × 10 5 /well in 96‐well black plates . After overnight culture, cells were pretreated with the compounds for 1 h and further stimulated with LPS for additional 24 h. Cells were then incubated with 5‐chloromethyl‐2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM‐H 2 DCFDA) for 30 min.…”