Inhibition of long-term kindled seizures induced alterations in the function of bone marrow cells by AC-31B (essential oil) from Allium cepa

Abstract

Background: The therapeutic goal of epilepsy is to reduce the frequency of seizure. Available antiepileptic drugs only manage symptoms and are associated with hematological and immunological dysfunctions. Since the bone marrow (BM) provides a suitable environment for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, any change in the BM environment could have an impact on the immune system. Here we investigated the effects of AC-31B on BM stroma cells (BMSCs) functions following kindling. Methods and Findings: The present study used CD44 and CD90 as recognizing markers. Once score five develops, animals were sacrificed and tested for the aforementioned markers in the BMSCs. Colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage for PBMNCs and BMSCs was also performed. We observed highest expression of CD44 and CD90 in BMCs progenitor cells and in CFU-GM cultures from PTZ-control and diazepam treated mice. In contrast, AC-31B significantly lowered the expression of these markers. The BM cellularity and clonogenic assays from AC-31B treated kindled animals were comparable to the normal group. Conclusions: Data indicates that there is an immune response magnification in PTZ-kindled mice cells and AC-31B not only suppresses the kindling but also moderately reduced the expression of the CD markers. We suggest that unlike diazepam, AC-31B does not affect the BM cellularity and its associated functions. Further studies on isolation of active lead molecule from AC-31B may lead to discovery of naturally occurring AEDs.