Inhibition of Localized Adhesion of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 Cells by Immunoglobulin and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Human Colostrum and Breast Milk

Cravioto, Alejandro; Tello, Angel; Villafán, H.; Ruiz, Joaquı́m; Vedovo, S. Del; Neeser, Jean‐Richard

doi:10.1093/infdis/163.6.1247

Cited by 254 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The metabolic activity of these organisms reduces the colonic pH, which has the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic organisms such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli (Gopal and Gill, 2000). In addition, because HMOs are similar in structure to glycoconjugates on the surface of gastrointestinal cells, they are likely to act as soluble receptor analogues; they compete with pathogenic bacteria, bacterial toxins and viruses for attachment to gastrointestinal receptor sites and thus inhibit their actions (Newburg et al, 1990;Cravioto et al, 1991;Cervantes et al, 1995). It seems very likely that the role of anti-infection factors is shared by the milk oligosaccharides of non-human species (Martin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Evolution Of Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactosementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of milk oligosaccharides and lactose: a hypothesis

Urashima

Fukuda

Messer

2012

Animal

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Mammalian milk or colostrum contains up to 10% of carbohydrate, of which free lactose usually constitutes more than 80%. Lactose is synthesized within lactating mammary glands from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) and glucose by a transgalactosylation catalysed by a complex of b4-galactosyltransferase and a-lactalbumin (a-LA). a-LA is believed to have evolved from C-type lysozyme. Mammalian milk or colostrum usually contains a variety of oligosaccharides in addition to free lactose. Each oligosaccharide has a lactose unit at its reducing end; this unit acts as a precursor that is essential for its biosynthesis. It is generally believed that milk oligosaccharides act as prebiotics and also as receptor analogues that act as anti-infection factors. We propose the following hypothesis. The proto-lacteal secretions of the primitive mammary glands of the common ancestor of mammals contained fat and protein including lysozyme, but no lactose or oligosaccharides because of the absence of a-LA. When a-LA first appeared as a result of its evolution from lysozyme, its content within the lactating mammary glands was low and lactose was therefore synthesized at a slow rate. Because of the presence of glycosyltransferases, almost all of the nascent lactose was utilized for the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides. The predominant saccharides in the proto-lacteal secretions or primitive milk produced by this common ancestor were therefore oligosaccharides rather than free lactose. Subsequent to this initial period, the oligosaccharides began to serve as anti-infection factors. They were then recruited as a significant energy source for the neonate, which was achieved by an increase in the synthesis of a-LA. This produced a concomitant increase in the concentration of lactose in the milk, and lactose therefore became an important energy source for most eutherians, whereas oligosaccharides continued to serve mainly as anti-microbial agents. Lactose, in addition, began to act as an osmoregulatory molecule, controlling the milk volume. Studies on the chemical structures of the milk oligosaccharides of a variety of mammalian species suggest that human milk or colostrum is unique in that oligosaccharides containing lacto-N-biose I (LNB) (Gal(b1 -3)GlcNAc, type I) predominate over those containing N-acetyllactosamine (Gal(b1 -4)GlcNAc, type II), whereas in other species only type II oligosaccharides are found or else they predominate over type I oligosaccharides. It can be hypothesized that this feature may have a selective advantage in that it may promote the growth of beneficial colonic bacteria, Bifidobacteria, in the human infant colon.Keywords: lactose, milk oligosaccharides, a-lactalbumin, lysozyme, lactation, prebiotics, bifidobacteria Implications Eutherian mammals' milk or colostrum usually contains small amounts of oligosaccharides and lactose, the dominant carbohydrate. Lactose acts as a main energy source for neonates, whereas milk oligosaccharides are believed to act as prebiotics that stimulate the growth of benefici...

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Section: Evolution Of Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactosementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of milk oligosaccharides and lactose: a hypothesis

Urashima

Fukuda

Messer

2012

Animal

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“…IgA antibodies can block bacterial adherence to human epithelial cells as well as viral attachment and penetration [4]. Colostral IgA strongly inhibits in vitro EPEC adherence to HEp-2 and HeLa cells [6][7][8], as well as the invasion of the same cell lineages by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Honório-França¹,

Carvalho²,

Isaac³

et al. 1997

Scand J Immunol

123

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Honorio-França AC, Carvalho MPSM, Isaac L, Trabulsi LR, Carneiro-Sampaio MMS. Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA. Scand J Immunol 1997;46:59-66 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the main aetiological agent of acute diarrhoea among low socioeconomic level infants in developing countries. Breast-feeding provides infant protection against acute gastrointestinal and respiratory infections; however, little is known about the protective role of colostral phagocytes in the gut of newborn infants. In the present investigation we studied the ability of human colostral MN phagocytes to kill EPEC as well as the interactions between these cells and colostral and serum opsonins. The authors observed that the microbicidal activity of colostrum MN phagocytes was dependent on previous EPEC opsonization with colostral supernatant or blood serum. A defatted colostrum supernatant pool presented opsonic activity for EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of normal serum. IgA-depleted colostrum supernatant showed significantly lower opsonic activity, whereas purified IgA from the same colostrum pool was a potent opsonin which induced EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of untreated colostrum. Colostral MN phagocytes are able to release superoxide anion when incubated with both EPEC opsonized with untreated colostrum and purified IgA. Purified IgA was also able to restore opsonic activity of IgA-depleted colostrum. A colostrum pool without C3 and IgG induced EPEC killing by colostral MN phagocytes at rates equivalent to those of untreated colostrum supernatant. Addition of an IgM MoAb (My43) anti-human Fca receptor resulted in a significant inhibition of EPEC killing when bacteria were opsonized with purified IgA, suggesting an interaction between IgA and FcaR. With respect to serum opsonins, we observed that IgG plus complement component C3 were necessary to induce EPEC killing by the colostrum MN phagocytes. Colostral phagocyte killing of enteropathogenic bacteria may represent an additional mechanism of breast-feeding protein against intestinal infections during the first week of life.

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“…Protection by human milk can also be ascribed to nonimmunoglobulin components such as free oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins (2,6,24). We demonstrated that human milk glycoproteins, such as lactoferrin and free secretory component (fSC), have the ability to inhibit adhesion of ETEC CFA I + strains to human erytrocytes (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The protective effect of human milk is usually attributed to its high content of immunoglobulin, specially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) (6,16). Some works showed that sIgA inhibit the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells and Hep-2 (5,6,9), and possess effect against ETEC *Corresponding Author. Mailing address: Lab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) adhesion to Caco-2 cells by human milk and its immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin fractions

Oliveira¹,

Bessler²,

Báo³

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries and among travelers to ETEC endemic areas. ETEC diarrhea is caused by colonization of the small intestine mediated by colonization factor (CF) antigens, and subsequent elaboration of enterotoxins. Breast feeding has been related to protection against enteric infections. The protective effect of human milk can be ascribed to its immunoglobulin content, specially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and to nonimmunoglobulin components such as free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids. In this study we investigated the effect of whole human milk and its fractions immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin on the adherence of ETEC strains possessing different CFs to Caco-2 cells, as well as the ability of sIgA and free secretory component (fSC) to bind to bacterial superficial proteins. Pooled human milk from three donors were fractionated by gel filtration and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Our results revealed that whole human milk and its proteins fractions, containing sIgA and fSC, inhibited adhesion ETEC strains harboring different colonization factors antigens. We also verified that sIgA and fSC, using immunoblotting and immunogold labeling assays, bound to some fimbrial proteins and other material present in bacterial surface. Our findings suggest that whole human milk and its fractions may contribute to protection against ETEC infections by blocking bacterial adhesion mediated by different colonization antigens.

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Inhibition of Localized Adhesion of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 Cells by Immunoglobulin and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Human Colostrum and Breast Milk

Cited by 254 publications

References 52 publications

Evolution of milk oligosaccharides and lactose: a hypothesis

Evolution of milk oligosaccharides and lactose: a hypothesis

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Inhibition of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) adhesion to Caco-2 cells by human milk and its immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin fractions

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