“…For the LED-treated groups, the rinsed sheets in fixer were illuminated at 25, 10, and 4 • C, respectively, while the rinsed sheets in fixer of the non-LED controls were placed in an incubator at 29.5, 15.5, and 12.5 • C, protected from the light. At the specified times (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min), the sheets were transferred into 50 mL centrifuge tubes containing 3 g of glass beads (425-600 µm; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 30 mL PBS (Kim et al, 2019). After vortexing for 5 min, the detached bacterial suspension was serially diluted in PBS, then 0.1 mL was spreadplated onto TSA plates and incubated at 37 • C for 24 h. Survival cell counts were expressed as log CFU/cm 2 .…”