Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Responses by Buddleja officinalis Extract in BV-2 Microglial Cells via Negative Regulation of NF-kB and ERK1/2 Signaling

Abstract

Buddleja officinalis has been traditionally used in the supportive treatment of inflammatory and neuronal diseases in Korea and China. Although several reports have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of Buddleja officinalis, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect has remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of flower buds of B. officinalis Maximowicz water extract (BOWE) on LPS-induced inflammatory processes in BV-2 microglial cells. BOWE dose-dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide as well as iNOS mRNA expression. Moreover, BOWE prevented IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression. However, BOWE had no effect on LPS-induced COX-2 or TNF-α mRNA expression. The extract also had no effect on LPS-stimulated p38 MAPK, JNK, and c-Jun phosphorylation, whereas ERK1/2 phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by BOWE. BOWE also inhibited the LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α, and LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB protein. These data indicate that BOWE inhibited the nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory gene expression in BV-2 microglial cells, possibly through a negative regulation of the NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways. Further identification of the direct target molecule(s) of BOWE is required to support its use as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent against the neurodegenerative disorders.

Role of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Different Cell Types in the Central Nervous System

“…Although our studies did not include analysis of cPLA 2 , we demonstrated the ability of EGCG from green tea [47] and honokiol, a polyphenol from Magnolia bark, to inhibit NMDA-induced neuronal excitation and ROS production from primary cortical neurons [72]. Study with Buddleja officinalis extract, a traditional Korean herbal medicine used to treat strokes, headaches, vascular diseases and neurological disorders, was shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects (LPS-induced iNOS) by suppressing the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways [94]. Wogonin, an active component from the root of the Chinese herbal plant, Huang qin , was shown to attenuate endotoxin/IFNγ-induced PGE2 and NO production in microglial cells through the Src-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, albeit the exact involvement of cPLA 2 remains to be further demonstrated [95].…”

A New Stereoisomeric Acetogenic Glycoside from the Flower Buds of Buddleja officinalis

“…[2][3][4][5] The recent biological investigations on B. officinalis have been reported that the water extract showed the anti-inflammatory effect via negative regulation of NF-κB and ERK 1/2 signaling in BV-2 cells, 6 and down-regulation of intracellular ROS production and adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, 7 and also exhibited the inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. 8 Taken together, B. officinalis has been spotlighted by its various phytochemicals and bioactivities.…”

Fermentation enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha) via the ERK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells

“…EFBF-AF treatment decreased the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, relative to those in the LPS only treatment and EFBF-BF-treated samples. Translocation of NF-κB is associated with p-IKK and p-IκB as TLR4 pathway [32]. As shown in Fig.…”