Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats treated with a hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme inducer p,p′-DDT

Adverse Haemato-Biochemical Effects of Chlorinated Insecticide in Adult Male Rats.

“…In fact, our results revealed histological changes in the liver of DDT-treated animals, including cytoplasmic vacuolation, focal necrosis, sinusoidal congestion, infiltration of inflammatory leucocyte and a loss of hepatic structure in periportal areas. Similar changes in the hepatic tissue of rats treated with DDT have been reported by previous studies (Kostka et al, 1996 ;Shimada et al, 2015). Hepatic atrophy has also been observed in rats treated with organophosphate (Elsharkawy et al, 2013).…”

“…It has been shown that parenchymal liver diseases are associated with decreases in triglyceride levels (Kalender et al, 2005). In the current study, we have demonstrated that exposure of rats to 50 and 100mg of DDT/kg b.wt, during 10 consecutive days leads to a marked elevation in the levels of serum AST, ALT and LDH, which indicates of hepatocellular damage (Shimada et al, 2015). This elevation could potentially be attributed to the release of these enzymes from the cytoplasm into the blood circulation (Williamson et al, 1996).…”

“…Cytoplasmic vacuolation caused by plasma membrane invagination is known to develop when cellular permeability is increased despite retention of cellular integrity (Reynolds et al, 1984). The appearance of necrosis with vacuolation seemed to be associated with increased levels of hepatic biomarkers such as ALT, AST and LDH (Shimada et al, 2015).…”

“…Evidence accumulated over the years has suggested that chronic exposure to DDT and its derivatives is associated with loss weight, anorexia, sterility, endocrine disruptions, muscular weakness, tremors, hepatic effects, and anemia in humans (Hillman, 1998;Spencer and Schaumburg, 2000). Studies have shown that liver symptoms, associated with DDT poisoning, include hepatomegaly, liver damage and liver function disorder (Kostka et al, 1996;Shimada et al, 2015). However, experiments to elucidate the effects of DDT on the hematopoietic system are extremely limited, despite the knowledge that DDT and/or its derivatives affects membrane fluidity in erythrocytes and induce apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (AntunesMadeira and Madeira, 1990), this phenomenon is known to be associated with oxidative stress (Alegria- Torres, 2009).…”

Exposure to p,p′-DDE Alters Macrophage Reactivity and Increases Macrophage Numbers in Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction

“…Additionally, several in vivo studies indicate that rodents fed a high fat diet containing persistent organic pollutants develop several metabolic abnormalities, including increased visceral adiposity and increased macrophage infiltration to adipose tissue, and DDE induces fasting hyperglycemia (Howell III et al, 2014;Ibrahim et al, 2011). DDE has been described as having immunomodulatory effects; the parent compound, p,p 0 -DDT, was recently found to influence the activation state and activity of macrophages during an inflammatory challenge in vivo, altering hepatic inflammation following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus (Shimada et al, 2015). Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, better known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and COX-2-derived prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGE2, exert both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells, including, but not limited to, macrophages and activated monocytes.…”