Inhibition of Lactophage Activity by Quinolinilporphyrin and its Zinc Complex

Dairy fermentations are among the oldest food processing applications, aimed at preservation and shelf-life extension through the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures, in particular strains of Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. Traditionally this was performed by continuous passaging of undefined cultures from a finished fermentation to initiate the next fermentation. More recently, consumer demands on consistent and desired flavours and textures of dairy products have led to a more defined approach to such processes. Dairy (starter) companies have responded to the need to define the nature and complexity of the starter culture mixes, and dairy fermentations are now frequently based on defined starter cultures of low complexity, where each starter component imparts specific technological properties that are desirable to the product. Both mixed and defined starter culture approaches create the perfect environment for the proliferation of (bacterio)phages capable of infecting these LAB. The repeated use of the same starter cultures in a single plant, coupled to the drive towards higher and consistent production levels, increases the risk and negative impact of phage infection. In this review we will discuss recent advances in tracking the adaptation of phages to the dairy industry, the advances in understanding LAB phage-host interactions, including evolutionary and genomic aspects.

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Phages of lactic acid bacteria: The role of genetics in understanding phage-host interactions and their co-evolutionary processes

Mahony

Ainsworth

Stockdale

et al. 2012

Virology

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Current Methods in the Molecular Typing ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand Other Mycobacteria

Jagielski

Ingen

Rastogi

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

121

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In the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases, as in all infectious diseases, the key issue is to define the source of infection and to disclose its routes of transmission and dissemination in the environment. For this to be accomplished, the ability of discerning and tracking individual Mycobacterium strains is of critical importance. Molecular typing methods have greatly improved our understanding of the biology of mycobacteria and provide powerful tools to combat the diseases caused by these pathogens. The utility of various typing methods depends on the Mycobacterium species under investigation as well as on the research question. For tuberculosis, different methods have different roles in phylogenetic analyses and person-to-person transmission studies. In NTM diseases, most investigations involve the search for environmental sources or phylogenetic relationships. Here, too, the type of setting determines which methodology is most suitable. Within this review, we summarize currently available molecular methods for strain typing of M. tuberculosis and some NTM species, most commonly associated with human disease. For the various methods, technical practicalities as well as discriminatory power and accomplishments are reviewed.

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Antiphage Activity of Natural and Synthetic Substances: A New Age for Antivirals?

et al. 2020

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Viruses are considered biological entities that possess a genome and can adapt to the environment of living organisms. Since they are obligate intracellular parasites, their cycle of replication can result in cell death, and consequently, some viruses are harmful to mammalian cells and can cause disease in humans. Therefore, the search for substances for the treatment of viral diseases can be accomplished through the use of bacteriophages as models for eukaryotic cell viruses. Thus, this review highlights the main studies identifying substances with antiphage activity in comparison assays involving phages and eukaryotic viruses, in order to explore the potential of these substances as antivirals. As a future perspective, this approach may help at the beginning of an Antiviral Age.

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Inhibition of Lactophage Activity by Quinolinilporphyrin and its Zinc Complex

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Phages of lactic acid bacteria: The role of genetics in understanding phage-host interactions and their co-evolutionary processes

Phages of lactic acid bacteria: The role of genetics in understanding phage-host interactions and their co-evolutionary processes

Current Methods in the Molecular Typing ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand Other Mycobacteria

Antiphage Activity of Natural and Synthetic Substances: A New Age for Antivirals?

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