Inhibition of Key Digestive Enzymes-Related to Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia and Protection of Liver-Kidney Functions by Trigonelline in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes is a serious health problem and a source of risk for numerous severe complications such as obesity and hypertension. Treatment of diabetes and its related diseases can be achieved by inhibiting key digestive enzymes related to starch and lipid digestion. The findings revealed that the administration of trigonelline to surviving diabetic rats helped to protect the pancreas β-cells from death and damage. Additionally, the supplement of trigonelline to surviving diabetic rats significantly decreased intestinal α-amylase and maltase by 36 and 52%, respectively, which led to a significant decrease in the blood glucose rate by 46%. Moreover, the administration of trigonelline to surviving diabetic rats potentially inhibited key enzymes of lipid metabolism and absorption such as lipase activity in the small intestine by 56%, which led to a notable decrease in serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) rates and an increase in the HDL cholesterol level. This treatment also improved glucose, maltase, starch, and lipid oral tolerance. Trigonelline was also observed to protect the liver-kidney functions efficiently, which was evidenced by the significant decrease in the serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and creatinine, albumin, and urea rates. The histological analysis of the pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues further established the positive effect of trigonelline. Overall, the findings presented in this study demonstrate that the administration of trigonelline to diabetic rats can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver-kidney dysfunctions.

Urine Metabolomics by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy Indicates Associations between Serum 3,5-T2 Concentrations and Intermediary Metabolism in Euthyroid Humans

“…Similar effects were reported for 3,5-T 2 when used as a pharmacological agent to prevent insulin resistance forced by a high-fat diet [5]. Further animal studies [27,35,36] confirmed the antidiabetic effect of both trigonelline and 3,5-T 2 , revealing protective effects on impaired kidney function and structure, which represents a severe sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taken together, 3,5-T 2 and trigonelline were linked to glucose metabolism, exhibiting the potential to improve glucose homeostasis in the case of diminished insulin sensitivity.…”

Trigonelline and vildagliptin antidiabetic effect: improvement of insulin signalling pathway

“…Moreover, insulin, HOMA‐IR and altered lipid profile were corrected. These results match previous findings in diabetic and insulin‐resistant rats . The current work verified the involvement of the crucial insulin signalling pathway in the antihyperglycemic effect of TRG.…”

Organic Compounds in Green Coffee Beans

“…7 During the roasting process of coffee beans, trigonelline changes into N-methylpyridinium ( Figure 17.3(B)) and nicotinic acid ( Figure 17.3(C)) as its major products, which makes it a useful index of the degree of roasting. 10 In addition, the urinary concentrations of trigonelline and its thermal product Nmethylpyridinium of coffee drinkers are higher than those of noncoffee drinkers, which indicates that trigonelline and N-methylpyridinium may have potential as dietary biomarkers that could be used as analytical probes to control compliance in human intervention studies on coffee. It has been revealed in recent studies that the administration of trigonelline allows diabetic rats to avoid diabetes-related organ damage and live longer, which can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver/kidney dysfunctions.…”