Inhibition of Inflammatory Response and Promotion of Osteogenic Activity of Zinc-Doped Micro-Arc Titanium Oxide Coatings

Abstract

An early and sustained immune response can lead to chronic inflammation after the implant is placed in the body. The implantable materials with immunomodulatory effects can reduce the body’s immune response and promote the formation of ideal osseointegration between the implants and bone tissue. In this study, zinc-coated titanium micro-arc oxide coating was prepared on titanium surface by micro-arc oxidation. The physical properties, anti-inflammation, and osteogenesis of the material were evaluated. We have physically characterized the surface structure of the coatings by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and detected the release of Zn 2+ from the coating surface by inductively coupled optical plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The BMSCs were inoculated on the surface of the coating, and the biocompatibility of the coating was evaluated by CCK-8 analysis and living and dead cell staining. The osteogenic effect of the layer on BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, osteocalcin (OCN) immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The survival status of RAW264.7 on the coating surface and the mRNA expression of the associated proinflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), and inducible nitric oxide (INOS) were detected by CCK-8 analysis and q-PCR. In parallel, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis and q-PCR screened and evaluated the effective concentration of Zn 2+ anti-inflammatory in vitro. The results show that the coating has good physical characterization, and Zn is uniformly bound to the surface of titanium and shows stable release and good biocompatibility to BMSCs, downregulating the expression of inflammation-related genes promoting the bone formation of BMSCs. We have successfully prepared zinc-coated micro-arc titanium oxide coating on the titanium surface, which has good osteogenesis and great anti-inflammatory potential and provides a new way for osseointegration in the implant.

Titanium Membranes with Hydroxyapatite/Titania Bioactive Ceramic Coatings: Characterization and In Vivo Biocompatibility Testing

“…The titania layer was prepared by microarc oxidation (MAO), , which is a promising process for the deposition of bioceramic oxide coatings on valve metals. This technique has allowed us to prepare the barrier porous TiO 2 (anatase) coating, which can potentially reduce inflammation around tissues . Moreover, the prepared surface promotes HAp deposition because of the presence of Ti–OH groups stimulating HAp nucleation .…”

“…This technique has allowed us to prepare the barrier porous TiO 2 (anatase) coating, which can potentially reduce inflammation around tissues. 30 Moreover, the prepared surface promotes HAp deposition because of the presence of Ti–OH groups stimulating HAp nucleation. 19 Ca–P coatings were obtained by a high-performance procedure of electrophoretic deposition (ED), which also allowed the preparation of a thick and porous Ca–P layer with minimal changes in its chemical and phase composition.…”

Influence of Enzymes on the In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Pure Zn in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids

“…Zn and its alloys have received increasing interest as new alternative biodegradable metals due to their biological merits − and ideal degradation rate. ,,− Zn possesses standard electrochemical potential between those of magnesium and iron, suggesting an appropriate physiological degradation rate. , Zn 2+ is considered an essential element in the human body and to take part in many important biological reactions, including cell growth, enzymatic reaction, wound healing, and immune reaction. ,,− Some in vivo experiments on animals revealed that Zn exhibited a strong antiatherogenic character and good hemocompatibility …”

“…Zn and its alloys have received increasing interest as new alternative biodegradable metals due to their biological merits 1 − 8 and ideal degradation rate. 5 , 7 , 9 − 12 Zn possesses standard electrochemical potential between those of magnesium and iron, suggesting an appropriate physiological degradation rate.…”

“… 5 , 13 Zn 2+ is considered an essential element in the human body and to take part in many important biological reactions, including cell growth, enzymatic reaction, wound healing, and immune reaction. 8 , 12 , 14 − 19 Some in vivo experiments on animals revealed that Zn exhibited a strong antiatherogenic character 20 and good hemocompatibility. 21 …”