Inhibition of host peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation ex vivo by Rinderpest virus

Heaney, Jonathan; Cosby, S. L.; Barrett, Thomas

doi:10.1099/vir.0.81370-0

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Similar immunologic changes have been reported in the early phase of morbillivirus infection in other mammals. Natural infections of MV, CDV and RPV share common features in the acute phase of disease including lymphopenia, a prolonged cytokine imbalance consistent with suppression of cellular immunity leading to secondary infections and decreased in vitro proliferation of T cells in response to mitogens (von Messling et al 2003, Heaney et al 2005, Kerdiles et al 2006, Yanagi et al 2006, Griffin 2007, 2010, Nielsen et al 2009, Schneider-Schaulies & Schneider-Schaulies 2009, Avota et al 2010, Koga et al 2010. The specific ability of some morbilliviruses to impair T cell-dependent immune responses noted more than 100 yr ago continues to be central to the severe generalized immunosuppression caused by morbilliviruses (Gas sert et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morbilliviruses are lymphotrophic and induce multisystemic infections in their highly susceptible natural hosts, causing disease with high morbidity and mortality. In these cases, the pathogenesis of morbillivirus infections shares common features, including transient profound immune suppression which may lead to secondary viral and bacterial infections, and associated cli nicoimmuno pathologic abnormalities (von Mes sling et al 2003, Heaney et al 2005, Yanagi et al 2006, Nielsen et al 2009). Another attribute of morbillivirus infections is the induction of an efficient and often lifelong immunity in hosts that eventually survive and appear to clear the virus (Appel et al 1982, Griffin 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers

Bossart

Peden‐Adams²,

Schaefer³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Sera from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida were tested for antibodies to cetacean morbilliviruses from 2003 to 2007 as part of a multidisciplinary study of individual and population health. A suite of clinicoimmunopathologic variables were evaluated in morbillivirus-seropositive dolphins (n = 14) and seronegative healthy dolphins (n = 49). Several important differences were found. Serum alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, chloride, albumin and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly lower in seropositive dolphins. Innate immunity appeared to be upregulated with significant increases in lysozyme concentration and marginally significant increases in monocytic phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity was also impacted in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers. Mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation responses were significantly reduced in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers, and marginally significant decreases were found for absolute numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes. The findings suggest impairment of cell-mediated adaptive immunity, similar to the immunologic pattern reported with acute morbillivirus infection in other species. In contrast, dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers appeared to have at least a partially upregulated humoral immune response with significantly higher levels of gamma globulins than healthy dolphins, which may represent an antibody response to morbillivirus infection or other pathogens. These data suggest that subclinical dolphin morbillivirus infection in IRL dolphins may produce clinicoimmunopathologic perturbations that impact overall health. KEY WORDS: Bottlenose dolphin · Viral disease · Cetacean morbillivirus · Seroepidemiology · Clinical pathology · ImmunologyResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 97: 103-112, 2011 104 (PDV) and cetacean morbilliviruses (dolphin morbillivirus [DMV] and porpoise morbillivirus [PMV]) have emerged and dramatically impacted the health and population status of various marine mammal species worldwide (Kennedy 1998, Di Guardo et al. 2005, Di Guardo 2008, Van Bressem et al. 2009). The DMV and PMV viruses appear to be closely related strains of a cetacean morbillivirus (CMV) from a genomic and antigenic standpoint (BlixenkroneMøller et al. 1994, Kennedy 1998, Di Guardo et al. 2005, distinct from PDV and CDV and more closely related to the ruminant morbilliviruses and measles virus (Barrett et al. 1993, Visser et al. 1993.In domestic animals and primates, morbilliviruses produce a seemingly paradoxical interaction with the immune system. Morbilliviruses are lymphotrophic and induce multisystemic infections in their highly susceptible natural hosts, causing disease with high morbidity and mortality. In these cases, the pathogenesis of morbillivirus infections shares common features, including transient profound immune suppression which may lead to secondary viral and b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers

Bossart

Peden‐Adams²,

Schaefer³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…MeV infection has been shown to cause profound immune suppression as a result of lymphopenia, cytokine imbalances and deficient expansion of PBMCs [66]. Immune suppression was also seen in RPV-infected animals, even those exposed only to the vaccine [67]. Research is therefore required to examine whether PPRV similarly causes long-term immune suppression and whether the vaccine strains have any such effect, even if transient, which may impact on the efficacy of co-administered vaccines.…”

Section: Development and Application Of Pprv Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication

Baron

Diop

Njeumi

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a significant pathogen of small ruminants and is prevalent in much of Africa, the Near and Middle East and Asia. Despite the availability of an efficacious and cheap live-attenuated vaccine, the virus has continued to spread, with its range stretching from Morocco in the west to China and Mongolia in the east. Some of the world's poorest communities rely on small ruminant farming for subsistence and the continued endemicity of PPRV is a constant threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, PPRV's effects on the world's population are felt broadly across many economic, agricultural and social situations. This far-reaching impact has prompted the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to develop a global strategy for the eradication of this virus and its disease. PPRV is a morbillivirus and, given the experience of these organizations in eradicating the related rinderpest virus, the eradication of PPRV should be feasible. However, there are many critical areas where basic and applied virological research concerning PPRV is lacking. The purpose of this review is to highlight areas where new research could be performed in order to guide and facilitate the eradication programme. These areas include studies on disease transmission and epidemiology, the existence of wildlife reservoirs and the development of next-generation vaccines and diagnostics. With the support of the international virology community, the successful eradication of PPRV can be achieved.

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“…Thus, accumulating evidence strongly links immunosuppression and lymphopenia not only to direct effects following infection and subsequent destruction of signalling lymphocytic activating molecule (SLAM)-positive immune cells and precursor cells in the acute phase of the infections, but also to indirect effects modulating the host innate and adaptive immune systems (Cruz et al, 2006;Devaux et al, 2008;Heaney et al, 2005;Karp et al, 1996;Schlender et al, 1996;Tatsuo et al, 2001;von Messling et al, 2006). The relative impact on virulence of the different mechanisms modulating the immune system in vivo is, however, not yet clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

Nielsen

Søgaard

Jensen

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The mechanisms behind the in vivo virulence of immunosuppressive wild-type morbillivirus infections are still not fully understood. To investigate lymphotropism and host responses, we have selected the natural host model of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in mink. This model displays multisystemic infection, similar to measles virus and rinderpest virus infections in their susceptible natural hosts. The wild-type CDVs investigated provoked marked virulence differences, inducing mild versus marked to severe acute disease. The mildly virulent wild-type virus induced transient lymphopenia, despite the development of massive infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exceeding that determined for the highly virulent wild-type virus, indicating an inverse relationship between acute virulence and the extent of viraemia in the investigated wild-type viruses. Single-cell cytokine production in PBMCs was investigated throughout the acute infections. We observed Th1-and Th2-type cytokine responses beginning in the prodromal phase, and late inflammatory responses were shared between the wild-type infections. INTRODUCTIONMorbilliviruses are lymphotrophic and induce multisystemic infections in their highly susceptible natural hosts, causing disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Members of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae include Measles virus (MV) of primates, Canine distemper virus (CDV) of carnivores and Rinderpest virus (RPV) of cloven-hoofed animals. Natural infections by all of these share common features, including lymphopenia and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in the acute phase (Griffin, 2007;Heaney et al., 2002;von Messling et al., 2003;Yanagi et al., 2006). Although live vaccines have effectively reduced the incidence of disease, the highly contagious morbilliviruses are still a major problem in human and veterinary medicine (Greene & Appel, 2006;Rima & Duprex, 2006). Like MV and RPV, CDV causes a typical acute infection characterized by virus replication in cells of the lymphoid system, with subsequent spread to tissues throughout the body. Acute clinical morbillivirus disease often takes a fatal course in highly susceptible natural hosts such as young dogs, mink and ferrets due to the highly multisystemic virulence, which includes central nervous system (CNS) involvement and profound immunosuppression, favouring opportunistic secondary pathogens (Appel, 1969;Blixenkrone-Møller, 1989;Kauffman et al., 1982;von Messling et al., 2006). Despite the clinically relevant immunosuppression, another hallmark of virulent morbillivirus infections is the induction of efficient and lifelong humoral and cellular immunity in hosts that eventually survive and appear to clear the virus (Appel et al., 1982;Griffin, 2007).The molecular events behind morbillivirus-induced perturbation of the immune system have been studied extensively and, based on in vitro studies, several mechanisms have been proposed to be involved (Heaney et al., 2002;Schneider-Schaulies & Dittme...

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Inhibition of host peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation ex vivo by Rinderpest virus

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers

Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers

Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

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