Inhibition of heat-labile toxin from Bordetella parapertussis by fatty acids

Endoh, Masahiko; Nagai, Masaaki; Burns, Drusilla L; Manclark, C R; Nakase, Yasukiyo

doi:10.1128/iai.58.12.4045-4048.1990

Infect Immun

1990

DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.12.4045-4048.1990

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Inhibition of heat-labile toxin from Bordetella parapertussis by fatty acids

Masahiko Endoh

Masaaki Nagai

Drusilla L Burns

et al.

Abstract: The ability of heat-labile toxin (HLT) from Bordetella parapertussis to induce skin lesions in guinea pigs was found to be inhibited by lipids isolated from skin layers of adult mice, which are refractory to the lesion-inducing activity of HLT. These lipids were identified as linoleic and oleic acids. Other long-chain unsaturated fatty acids were also found to inhibit HLT; however, fatty alcohols, neutral lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, prostaglandin, and leukotriene had no measurable effects on HLT action… Show more

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1992

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Cited by 4 publications

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References 18 publications

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“…parapertussis HLT rabbit serum prepared as previously described (2), and by addition of free fatty acids (data not shown). Free fatty acids such as oleic or linoleic acids are known to inhibit the ability of HLT from B. parapertussis to induce lesions in guinea pig skin (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Heat‐Labile Toxin from Bordetella parapertussis Induces Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture

Nagai

Endoh

Burns

et al. 1992

Microbiology and Immunology

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The ability of Bordetella heat-labile toxin (HLT) to contract various types of cells in culture was examined. HLT from B. parapertussis induced contraction of cultured smooth muscle cells from trachea, intestine, uterus and was deferens as well as from aorta. The time required for contraction decreased as the dose of B. parapertussis HLT increased from 3 to 100 MID/ml. Upon exposure of cells to concentrations of toxin greater than 100 MID/ml, at least 2 hr was required for contraction. HLT from B. parapertussis did not affect cultured cardiac or skeletal muscle cells within 8 hr after the exposure to HLT (100 MID/ml). No effect on other types of primary culture cells or established cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been described. These data indicate that the primary target cells for HLT might be smooth muscle cells.Virulent strains of Bordetella pertussis, parapertussis, bronchiseptica and avium produce a protein toxin called heat-labile toxin (HLT) or dermonecrotic toxin (10,11,16). Previously, we reported that HLT isolated from B. bronchiseptica has a molecular weight of 102 kDa with two types of subunits (20 and 30 kDa). Recently purified HLT preparations were obtained from B. pertussis (17, 18), B. parapertussis (6, 7) and B. bronchiseptica (2, 14, 15). The descriptions of the physico-chemical properties of the molecule vary among the different reports. While we do not yet know whether only one type of HLT is produced by all of the Bordetella species, HLT isolated from each of these species induces skin lesions when intracutaneously injected into shaved back skin of animals (2, 10, 12, 13, 15). We have reported that HLT from B. parapertussis or B. bronchiseptica induces contraction of vascular smooth muscle strips (3, 4) and vascular smooth muscle cells (5), suggesting that HLT might produce ischemia in animal skin. We also found that HLT from B. parapertussis did not affect other primary cells such as platelets, and established cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (5). These data suggested that HLT might act only on vascular smooth muscle cells. We, however, did not have information as to whether HLT induces contraction of other types of smooth muscle cells or 633

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confidence: 99%

Heat‐Labile Toxin from Bordetella parapertussis Induces Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture

Nagai

Endoh

Burns

et al. 1992

Microbiology and Immunology

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Bordetella heat-labile toxin causes release of radioactivity from smooth muscle cells labeled with [14C]arachidonic acid

Nagai

Endoh

Burns

et al. 1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The effect of Bordetella heat-labile toxin (HLT) on cultured vascular or tracheal smooth cells labeled with [14C]arachidonic acid for 3 h was examined. At 37 degrees C, in the presence of Ca2+, HLT induced the release of radioactive substances from the cells in a dose-dependent manner but HLT had no effect on release of radioactivity from cells at 0 degrees C or in the absence of Ca2+. After cells were exposed to HLT, a 2-h lag period occurred before release of radioactivity was detected. The substances released from cells by HLT were identified as arachidonic acid and phosphatidylcholine.

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Antimicrobial factors and microbial contaminants in human milk: Recent studies

May

1994

J Paediatrics Child Health

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An overview of recent studies of antimicrobial factors and microbial contaminants found in human milk is presented. The incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in infants receiving human milk continues to be lower than in those not breast-fed due to the presence of specific antibody and possibly anti-adhesion factors in the milk. Whether the many other antimicrobial factors, which have been shown to be active in vitro or in animal model systems, have any influence on infant infections is still not clear. Microbial contaminants in human milk are rare, as are associated infant infections from the milk. However, some contaminants such as cytomegalovirus are commonly transferred to infants from the milk of seropositive mothers, fortunately without any adverse effects in the infants. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 is transferred via human milk in endemic areas, human milk being the main source of mother-to-infant transmission. While some reports suggest human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transfer may occur through human milk, this is not the predominant mode of transmission to infants.

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Inhibition of heat-labile toxin from Bordetella parapertussis by fatty acids

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Heat‐Labile Toxin from Bordetella parapertussis Induces Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture

Heat‐Labile Toxin from Bordetella parapertussis Induces Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture

Bordetella heat-labile toxin causes release of radioactivity from smooth muscle cells labeled with [14C]arachidonic acid

Antimicrobial factors and microbial contaminants in human milk: Recent studies

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