Inhibition of Gastroesophageal Reflux by Semi‐solid Nutrients in Patients With Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux was significantly inhibited by semi-solid nutrients. One of the mechanisms of the inhibition is considered to be an improvement in the transition from the proximal to distal stomach in semi-solid nutrients.

Addition of Alpha-Amylase and Thickener to Blenderized Rice Provides Suitable Viscosity for Use in Nutritional Support

“…Although the use of thickened enteral formulae has been reported to lower the incidence of adverse events, such as diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss [2][3][4], a mechanism to explain these nutritional advantages has not been described. One possibility is that viscosity is raised: to prevent adverse events with non-thickened ordinary formulae.…”

“…Against this background, thickened formula (TF) has been widely adopted as a novel type of nutritional support, particularly in preventing adverse events in clinical settings [2][3][4]. Two types of TF are available in ordinary clinical settings, mainly in developed countries such as the United States [2][3][4][5][6][7], a liquid type and a blenderized diet (BD).…”

“…Two types of TF are available in ordinary clinical settings, mainly in developed countries such as the United States [2][3][4][5][6][7], a liquid type and a blenderized diet (BD). TF with a viscosity close to that of chewed foodstuffs is reported to be absorbed and digested normally [8,9].…”

“…TF with a viscosity close to that of chewed foodstuffs is reported to be absorbed and digested normally [8,9]. Although the viscosity of these diets is considered a determinant of adverse events in clinical settings, such as diarrhea and symptoms related to gastro-esophageal reflux disease [2][3][4], the reports on the viscosity of blenderized diets (BDs) has not been conducted. Teresa et al evaluated the clinical necessity and feasibility of BDs in clinical settings via a questionnaire survey of registered dietitians (RDs) belonging to the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group, with particular regard to clinical experience with blenderized whole foods, defined as BDs with whole diets as included in the present study [10].…”

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Neurological Patients

“…Neurogenic indications for gastrostomy include dysphagia from a variety of causes, including stroke, brain injury, cerebral palsy, brain tumors, HIV encephalopathy, neonatal encephalopathy, and neurodegenerative syndromes; non-neurological indications include such conditions as head and neck cancer, surgery to the mouth and throat, aspiration, Crohn's disease, severe burns, and decompression of the stomach in obstructing intraabdominal malignancy (Buchholz, 1994;Laasch et al, 2003;Nishiwaki et al, 2009;ElMatary, 2008;Naik et al, 2009;Park et al, 2011). The most common indication for PEG in children and adults is neurogenic dysphagia (El-Matary, 2008;Miller et al, 1989;Nicholson et al, 2000;Friedman et al, 2004;Srivastava et al, 2005).…”