Inhibition of gastric emptying by acids depends on pH, titratable acidity, and length of intestine exposed to acid

Lin, Henry C.; Doty, Jeffrey E.; Reedy, Terry J.; Meyer, James H.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.6.g1025

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence the rate of gastric emptying is dependent upon the rate of absorption of nutrients [46] such as glucose [47] or fat [48] from the volume of digestate [49] that is in contact with small intestinal mucosa and thus to the length of small intestinal lumen that contains it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However mean gastric emptying time evaluated by the [ 13 C] acetate breath test following a 250 ml liquid meal (Fresubin diabetes, Fresenius, Oberursel, Germany) containing protein, carbohydrate and fat (225kcal) is reported to be 1.28±0.31 h [50]. Given that the volume of the gastric load in relation to the volume of the stomach [51], [52] and the nutrient content of the meal would influence gastric emptying [53]–[55], this value is broadly compatible to that obtained in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Standardising the Lactulose Mannitol Test of Gut Permeability to Minimise Error and Promote Comparability

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLactulose mannitol ratio tests are clinically useful for assessing disorders characterised by changes in gut permeability and for assessing mixing in the intestinal lumen. Variations between currently used test protocols preclude meaningful comparisons between studies. We determined the optimal sampling period and related this to intestinal residence.MethodsHalf-hourly lactulose and mannitol urinary excretions were determined over 6 hours in 40 healthy female volunteers after administration of either 600 mg aspirin or placebo, in randomised order at weekly intervals. Gastric and small intestinal transit times were assessed by the SmartPill in 6 subjects from the same population. Half-hourly percentage recoveries of lactulose and mannitol were grouped on a basis of compartment transit time. The rate of increase or decrease of each sugar within each group was explored by simple linear regression to assess the optimal period of sampling.Key ResultsThe between subject standard errors for each half-hourly lactulose and mannitol excretion were lowest, the correlation of the quantity of each sugar excreted with time was optimal and the difference between the two sugars in this temporal relationship maximal during the period from 2½-4 h after ingestion. Half-hourly lactulose excretions were generally increased after dosage with aspirin whilst those of mannitol were unchanged as was the temporal pattern and period of lowest between subject standard error for both sugars.ConclusionThe results indicate that between subject variation in the percentage excretion of the two sugars would be minimised and the differences in the temporal patterns of excretion would be maximised if the period of collection of urine used in clinical tests of small intestinal permeability were restricted to 2½-4 h post dosage. This period corresponds to a period when the column of digesta column containing the probes is passing from the small to the large intestine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardising the Lactulose Mannitol Test of Gut Permeability to Minimise Error and Promote Comparability

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of acetic acid, some evidence suggests that the delay in gastric emptying (estimated by paracetamol measurements in the blood) may explain the reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses (Hunt and Knox, 1969;Liljeberg and Björck, 1998). Acidity and fatty acids are known to affect stomach motility through duodenal receptor-mediated mechanisms (Hunt and Knox, 1972;Lin et al, 1990). In another relevant study (Brighenti et al, 1995), however, gastric emptying as measured by ultrasonography was not affected by the addition of vinegar in a mixed meal.…”

Section: Vinegar Reduces Postprandial Glycaemia In Type II Diabetes Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Vinegar reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with type II diabetes when added to a high, but not to a low, glycaemic index meal

Liatis¹,

Grammatikou²,

Poulia

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Objectives: Earlier studies have shown that the addition of vinegar in a carbohydrate-rich meal lowers glucose and insulin response in healthy individuals. The mechanism of how this is accomplished, however, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinegar on glucose and insulin response in patients with type II diabetes (T2D) in relation to the type of carbohydrates consumed in a meal. Subjects/Methods: Sixteen patients with T2D were divided into two groups, matched for age, gender and HbA 1c . Patients in the first group (group A) were given a high-glycaemic index (GI) meal (mashed potatoes and low-fat milk) on two different days, with and without the addition of vinegar, respectively. In the second group (group B), patients were given an isocaloric meal with the same nutrient composition, but low GI (whole grain bread, lettuce and low-fat cheese). Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin values were measured every 30 min for 2 h. Results: In group A, the incremental area under the curve of glucose (GiAUC 120 ) was lower after the addition of vinegar (181 ± 78 mmol Á min/l vs 311 ± 124 mmol Á min/l, P ¼ 0.04). The iAUC of insulin (IiAUC 120 ) was also reduced, but the difference was of marginal statistical significance (2368±1061 mU Á min/ml vs 3545±2586 mU Á min/ml, P ¼ 0.056). In group B, the addition of vinegar did not affect either the GiAUC 120 (229 ± 38 mmol Á min/l vs 238 ± 25 mmol Á min/l, P ¼ 0.56) or the IiAUC 120 (2996±1302 mU Á min/ml vs 3007±1255 mU Á min/ml, P ¼ 0.98). Conclusions: We conclude that the addition of vinegar reduces postprandial glycaemia in patients with T2D only when it is added to a high-GI meal.

show abstract

“…Lin et al [3] used a dog model in which they exposed different lengths of small bowel with different concentrations of acid. A dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying was demonstrated.…”

Section: Gastric Acid and Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do We Need Gastric Acid?

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology studies indicates that gastric acid secretion developed during the evolution of vertebrates approximately 350 million years ago. The cellular mechanisms that produce gastric acid have been conserved over the millennia and therefore proton pump inhibitors have pharmacological effects in almost all relevant species. These observations suggest that gastric acid provides an important selective advantage; however, in modern-day humans the need for gastric acid can be questioned in light of the widespread use of safe and effective pharmacologic acid suppression. The Kandahar Working Group addressed questions concerning the need, production and effects of gastric acid, specifically: (1) motility in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract; (2) neuroendocrine factors; (3) digestive and mucosal processes; (4) microbiology, and (5) central processes and psychological involvement. We addressed each topic with the individual models available to answer our questions including animal versus human studies, pharmacologic, surgical as well as pathophysiologic states of acid suppression.

show abstract

Inhibition of gastric emptying by acids depends on pH, titratable acidity, and length of intestine exposed to acid

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Standardising the Lactulose Mannitol Test of Gut Permeability to Minimise Error and Promote Comparability

Standardising the Lactulose Mannitol Test of Gut Permeability to Minimise Error and Promote Comparability

Vinegar reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with type II diabetes when added to a high, but not to a low, glycaemic index meal

Do We Need Gastric Acid?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About