Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles in walking cats

Duysens, Jacques; Pearson, K. G.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90206-1

Cited by 473 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ferris et al [21] reported that unilateral stepping in chronic SCI humans induces alternating and rhythmic EMG activity in the non-stepping limb, in a loadingdependent manner. Similar results have been observed in decerebrate cats stepping unilaterally on a treadmill [16].…”

Section: Potential Role Of State-dependent Spinal Plasticity In Acutesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The spinal cord retains an extensive capacity to learn a motor task, such as stepping or postural weight bearing, in the absence of supraspinal input [5,[9][10][11]13,16,19]. Spinally-mediated motor responses to a variety of peripheral stimuli may be exhibited within seconds, minutes, days, or even months, although the responses change over time after a spinal cord injury (SCI) [5,10,11,13,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two chronic motor training paradigms differentially influence acute instrumental learning in spinally transected rats

Bigbee

Crown

Ferguson

et al. 2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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The effect of two chronic motor training paradigms on the ability of the lumbar spinal cord to perform an acute instrumental learning task was examined in neonatally (postnatal day 5; P5) spinal cord transected (i.e., spinal) rats. At ∼P30, rats began either unipedal hindlimb stand training (Stand-Tr; 20-25 min/day, 5 days/wk), or bipedal hindlimb step training (Step-Tr; 20 min/day; 5 days/wk) for 7 wks. Non-trained spinal rats (Non-Tr) served as controls. After 7 wks all groups were tested on the flexor-biased instrumental learning paradigm. We hypothesized that 1) Step-Tr rats would exhibit an increased capacity to learn the flexor-biased task relative to Non-Tr subjects, as locomotion involves repetitive training of the tibialis anterior (TA), the ankle flexor whose activation is important for successful instrumental learning, and 2) Stand-Tr rats would exhibit a deficit in acute motor learning, as unipedal training activates the ipsilateral ankle extensors, but not flexors. Results showed no differences in acute learning potential between Non-Tr and Step-Tr rats, while the Stand-Tr group showed a reduced capacity to learn the acute task. Further investigation of the Stand-Tr group showed that, while both the ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimbs were significantly impaired in their acute learning potential, the contralateral, untrained hindlimbs exhibited significantly greater learning deficits. These results suggest that different types of chronic peripheral input may have a significant impact on the ability to learn a novel motor task, and demonstrate the potential for experiencedependent plasticity in the spinal cord in the absence of supraspinal connectivity.

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Section: Potential Role Of State-dependent Spinal Plasticity In Acutesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two chronic motor training paradigms differentially influence acute instrumental learning in spinally transected rats

Bigbee

Crown

Ferguson

et al. 2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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show abstract

“…The appropriate interlimb coordination which is necessary to make these adjust ments in support and swing phases may be achieved in a similar way, as suggested on the basis of experimental work in the cat (Grillner 1981). Proprioceptive informa tion about velocity and direction of angular displace ment in the leg joints and/or about (un)loading of the legs (Duysens and Pearson 1980;Dietz et al 1992a) is assumed to be able to influence and reset the locomotor activity generated by the spinal central pattern genera tor (Grillner 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human neuronal interlimb coordination during split-belt locomotion

Dietz

Zijlstra

Duysens³

1994

Exp Brain Res

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201

137

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“…In addition, in five participants we tested whether foot stimulation could evoke variations in the walking speed under the assumption that foot unloading at the end of stance may accelerate the timing of the stance-to-swing transition and thus increase the walking speed (e.g., in reduced cat preparation, Duysens and Pearson (1980)). To this end we used a feedback-controlled treadmill belt speed (see above).…”

Section: Testing the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to mechanical foot stimulation during human locomotion under body weight support

Gravano

Ivanenko

Maccioni

et al. 2011

Human Movement Science

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a b s t r a c tInput from the foot plays an essential part in perceiving support surfaces and determining kinematic events in human walking. To simulate adequate tactile pressure inputs under body weight support (BWS) conditions that represent an effective form of locomotion training, we here developed a new method of phasic mechanical foot stimulation using light-weight pneumatic insoles placed inside the shoes (under the heel and metatarsus). To test the system, we asked healthy participants to walk on a treadmill with different levels of BWS. The pressure under the stimulated areas of the feet and subjective sensations were higher at high levels of BWS and when applied to the ball and toes rather than heels. Foot stimulation did not disturb significantly the normal motor pattern, and in all participants we evoked a reliable step-synchronized triggering of stimuli for each leg separately. This approach has been performed in a general framework looking for ''afferent templates" of human locomotion that could be used for functional sensory stimulation. The proposed technique can be used to imitate or partially restore surrogate contact forces under body weight support conditions.

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Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles in walking cats

Cited by 473 publications

References 17 publications

Two chronic motor training paradigms differentially influence acute instrumental learning in spinally transected rats

Two chronic motor training paradigms differentially influence acute instrumental learning in spinally transected rats

Human neuronal interlimb coordination during split-belt locomotion

A novel approach to mechanical foot stimulation during human locomotion under body weight support

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