Inhibition of Fat Accumulation by Hesperidin in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Hesperidin, abundant in citrus fruits, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, radioprotective, and antiviral activities. However, relatively few studies on the effects of hesperidin on lipid metabolism have been reported. Here, using Caenorhaditis elegans as a model animal, we found that 100 μM hesperidin significantly decreased fat accumulation in both high-fat worms cultured in nematode growth medium containing 10 mM glucose (83.5 ± 1.2% versus control by Sudan Black B staining and 87.6 ± 2.0% versus control by Oil Red O staining; p < 0.001) and daf-2 mutant worms (87.8 ± 1.4% versus control by Oil Red O staining; p < 0.001). Furthermore, 50 μM hesperidin decreased the ratio of oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1Δ9/C18:0) (p < 0.05), and supplementation of oleic acid could restore the inhibitory effect of hesperidin on fat accumulation. Hesperidin significantly downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fat-6, and fat-7 (p < 0.05), and mutation of fat-6 and fat-7 reversed fat accumulation inhibited by hesperidin. In addition, hesperidin decreased the expression of other genes involved in lipid metabolism, including pod-2, mdt-15, acs-2, and kat-1 (p < 0.05). These results suggested that hesperidin reduced fat accumulation by affecting several lipid metabolism pathways, such as fat-6 and fat-7. This study provided new insights into elucidating the mechanism underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism by hesperidin.

N‐ϒ‐(l‐Glutamyl)‐l‐Selenomethionine Inhibits Fat Storage via the Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturases FAT‐6 and FAT‐7 and the Selenoprotein TRXR‐1 in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…However, excessive intake of nutrient such as glucose disrupts energy homeostasis and causes lipid abnormal metabolism in animals . High glucose supplement has been used to indicate fat accumulation in C. elegans obesity model . Herein, we further evaluated the influence of Glu‐SeMet on fat storage under high‐glucose diet.…”

“…Several bioactive compounds, such as amylose starch, butyrate hesperidin, and piceatannol, have been reported to significantly reduce fat accumulation in wild‐type N2 C. elegans grown in high‐glucose conditions . Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, was reported to reduce lipid accumulation in high‐fat C. elegans model at high concentrations (50 and 100 µ m hesperidin) . Piceatannol, an analog of resveratrol, has been reported to decrease triacylglycerides content in wild‐type worms at high concentrations (50 and 100 µ m piceatannol) in both normal‐ and high‐glucose conditions .…”

“…Synchronized L1 larvae (wild‐type N2 or mutants) were incubated at 20 °C on NGM agar plates containing bacterial lawn of E. coli OP50 with or without Glu‐SeMet (0.01 µ m ) for 72 h. For high glucose exposure, 100 m m glucose was added into the E. coli OP50 and then spread onto the NGM plates containing 100 m m glucose . Subsequently, worms were collected and washed with M9 buffer for three times.…”

“…The primer information is listed in Table S1, Supporting Information. Relative mRNA level was determined by the comparative 2 −ΔΔCt method with β‐actin as the reference gene . The qRT‐PCR was conducted with four independently biological replicates.…”

Advances in the Use of Caenorhabditis Choose in the Nutritional Study of Obesity

“…Another compound that is abundant in citrus fruits like orange and lemon, hesperidin, reduced fat accumulation, affecting several pathways of metabolism in C. elegans, such as fat-6 e fat-7 [60].…”