“…A new class of genetically encoded, fluorescent biosensors make it possible to image the release, spread, and clearance of important neurotransmitters and modulators in the extracellular space (Marvin et al, 2013 ; Patriarchi et al, 2018 ; Unger et al, 2020 ). In turn the stimulation of the GPCRs and subsequent intracellular signaling pathways can now be studied in real time, capturing the kinetics and spatial distribution of the signaling that the neurotransmitters provoke (Ferrandon et al, 2009 ; Zhao et al, 2011 ; Lohse et al, 2012 ; Vilardaga et al, 2014 ; Irannejad et al, 2015 ; Ohno et al, 2017 ; Greenwald et al, 2018 ; Halls and Canals, 2018 ; Jullie et al, 2020 ; Olsen et al, 2020 ; Kuroda et al, 2021 ; Wright and Bouvier, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021b ). We are moving beyond the question of whether signaling has occurred to a new era in which we can watch in real time the exact nature of where and when these important events occur.…”