Inhibition of Clostridium difficile by natural herbal extracts

Aljarallah, Khalid M.

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.05.006

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The diameters of zones of inhibition observed with all the test concentrations of BBRHCl used in our study were compared with the recently published data using 2% black seed oil (susceptibility breakpoint zone diameter = 15 mm) against toxigenic C. difficile [12]. We observed that the diameters of zones of inhibition for concentrations 5 mg/ml (potency 350 µg) and 10 mg/ml (potency 700 µg) were found to be significantly larger (P<0.0001) than that reported for 2% black seed oil (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The test concentrations of BBRHCl, lower than 1.25 mg/ml were not considered since they were significantly lesser than (i) EUCAST's epidemiological cutoff value for metronidazole and vancomycin [17], (ii) susceptibility breakpoint zone diameter for teicoplanin [14], and (iii) susceptibility breakpoint zone diameter for 2% black seed oil against toxigenic C. difficile [12]. Hence, a trend line (linear regression) with R 2 value 0.9506 was generated for the diameter of zones of inhibition (mm) plotted against log concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 [mg/ml]) of BBRHCl for toxigenic C. difficile (n=3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Judicious use of antimicrobials is, therefore, critical in a case of C. difficile infection. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based therapies have shown to be economical with lesser side effects in comparison to modern medicine [12]. Most of the pharmaceuticals prescribed in advanced countries are compounds derived from plants or plant products [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. difficile showing a clear zone of inhibition >8 mm was considered to be sensitive. In our study, the zone diameter breakpoint of >8 mm (diameter of inhibition zone) was considered significant based on recently published literature on disk diffusion susceptibility testing for C. difficile using natural extracts as well as European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST's) recommendation for determining the epidemiological cutoff values and disk diffusion correlates [12,13]. Experiments were performed in triplicates for each combination of the concentrations with BBRHCl.…”

Section: Determination Of Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Berberine Hydrochloride Could Prove to Be a Promising Bullet Against Clostridium Difficile Infection: A Preliminary Study From South India

Chakraborty

Lobo

Prabhu

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin warrants alternative therapy. Hence, we tested the potential efficacy of the natural compound berberine hydrochloride (BBRHCl) against toxigenic C. difficile. Methods:Three representative polymerase chain reaction confirmed, toxin-positive strains were included in the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile and antibiogram of the strains were analyzed along with 10 other toxin positive isolates. Efficacy of BBRHCl against toxigenic C. difficile was determined using agar diffusion by punch well method.Results: PFGE grouped the test strains into three clusters with unique susceptibility pattern toward standard antibiotics. BBRHCl was efficacious against the test strains at a concentration ranging between 6.25 µg/ml and 10 mg/ml. BBRHCl's breakpoint point inhibitory zone diameter was equivalent (p<0.001) to the epidemiological cutoff values for teicoplanin, vancomycin and 2% black seed oil. Although the predicted concentration of BBRHCl for breakpoint zone diameter equivalent to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's epidemiological cutoff value for metronidazole was observed to fall outside the tested concentration range; it was still within the safe dosage for humans. Conclusion:The present study is promising in considering BBRHCl as a potent substitute or adjunct not only for metronidazole, vancomycin and teicoplanin but also for natural compounds like 2% black seed oil for managing resistant cases of CDI. Owing to BBRHCl's direct antibacterial and antiinflammatory action, further investigations will aid in the proper characterization of the therapeutic effects of similar plant compounds, to develop safe and effective drugs against the epidemiological outbreak of CDI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Berberine Hydrochloride Could Prove to Be a Promising Bullet Against Clostridium Difficile Infection: A Preliminary Study From South India

Chakraborty

Lobo

Prabhu

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…In addition, the gut microbiota produces molecules that act on enteric neurons to reduce gastrointestinal motility and metabolites that stimulate the "gut-brain axis" to alter neural circuits and brain function and behavior [68]. Aljarallah reported that water extract of myrrh plant demonstrates high antimicrobial effect against C. difficile strains, which could support its use as a natural product for the amelioration of C. difficile in autistic patients [69].…”

Section: Clostridium Neurotoxins and Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxins and Autism

El‐Ansary¹,

Al-Dbass²,

Qasem³

2018

Neurotoxins

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Recently, a great concern has risen about the increasing prevalence of autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Environmental factors as significant contributors to children's health through a wide range of routes are linked to remarkable increases in this disorder. It is well known and accepted that young children are more vulnerable to environmental toxins, compared to adults. Modern day lifestyles with more mercury and lead exposures, fast food, cell phones, and microwaves place children at higher risk of neurotoxicity. Moreover, a huge number of synthetic chemicals termed as high-productionvolume (HPV) chemicals are found in many products such as medications, cosmetics, building materials, plastic, and car fuels. These HPVs highly contribute to brain damage in developing infants. Other environmental toxins include thalidomide, valproic acid, misoprostol, and many infectious agents among which are pathogenic bacteria or their metabolites are found to be neurotoxic and/or linked to incidences of autism. This chapter summarizes the most important routes of exposure to environmental neurotoxins and explains how these toxins are related to the remarkable increase in the prevalence of autism through different etiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired neurochemistry and glutamate excitotoxicity.

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