Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells by Lyophilized Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) Pulp Extract

Abstract

The present study evaluated the antiproliferative capacity and possible cell death mechanisms of lyophilized mango pulp extract (LMPE), applied to human colon cancer cells (SW480) and their metastasis-derived counterparts (SW620). The total phenolic content of LMPE was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Three assays were employed to determine its antioxidant capacity: ferric-reducing antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of LMPE was assessed by sulforhodamine B, clonogenic, and Ki-67 assays. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the cell cycle, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell-surface phosphatidylserine, and change in mitochondrial membrane potential. LMPE exhibited a high level of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The mean maximal inhibitory concentration values of LMPE at 48 h of exposure were 43 and 29 mg/mL for SW480 and SW620, respectively. In the SW480 and SW620 cell lines, LMPE at 50 mg/mL and 48 h of exposure induced an increase in intracellular ROS, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and probably, apoptotic processes without mitochondrial depolarization. LMPE had an antiproliferative capacity against the human colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620. These results highlight the chemopreventive potential of LMPE in colorectal cancer treatments.

Induction of Apoptosis and Decrease of Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells by an Extract of Lyophilized Mango Pulp

“…As possible mechanisms of action of LMPE, we suggest increased intracellular ROS production, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and, probably, induction of apoptosis. In that study, the combined annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining allowed the identification of apoptotic cells [11].…”

“…Our group evidenced that an aqueous extract of lyophilized mango pulp (LMPE) is a source of bioactive compounds with cytotoxic capacity against colon adenocarcinoma cells (SW480) and their metastatic derivatives (SW620); this effect was selective with respect to non-malignant skin fibroblastic cells. The mechanisms of action of the extract involved in its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were an increase in oxidative stress, arrest of the cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis [11].…”