Abstract:Three carboxymethylated Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-C1, PCP-C2, and PCP-C3) with -COOH contents of 6.13%, 10.24%, and 16.22%, respectively, were obtained by carboxymethylation of the original polysaccharide (PCP-C0), which has a molecular weight of 4 kDa and a carboxyl (-COOH) content of 2.54%. The structure of the PCP-Cs was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. The four PCP-Cs exhibited antioxidant activity, and their ability to scavenge radicals (hydroxyl and DPPH) and chelate ferrous io… Show more
“…The higher the degree of carboxymethylation, the higher the carboxyl content and the better the performance of the antioxidant activity. 49 Our previous studies 26 showed that corn silk polysaccharide showed the strongest antioxidant activity when its molecular weight was 6.0 kDa (in the range of 2.0−124 kDa), and it could inhibit the transformation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals into calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. In this study, the performance of corn silk polysaccharide is similar to that of Poria cocos polysaccharide.…”
The purpose of this
study was to explore the repair effect of carboxymethyl-modified corn
silk polysaccharide (CSP) on oxidatively damaged renal epithelial
cells and the difference in adhesion between cells and calcium oxalate
crystals. The CSP was degraded and modified through carboxymethylation.
An oxidatively damaged cell model was constructed by oxalate damage
to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Then, the
damaged cells were repaired by modified polysaccharides, and the changes
in biochemical indexes and adhesion ability between cells and crystals
before and after repair were detected. Four modified polysaccharides
with carboxyl group (−COOH) contents of 3.92% (CSP0), 7.75%
(CCSP1), 12.90% (CCSP2), and 16.38% (CCSP3) were obtained. Compared
with CSP0, CCSPs had stronger antioxidant activity, could repair damaged
HK-2 cells, and could reduce phosphorylated serine eversion on the
cell membrane, the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and Annexin A1,
and crystal adhesion. However, its effect on the expression of hyaluronic
acid synthase was not substantial. The carboxymethyl modification
of the CSP can improve its ability to repair cells and inhibit crystal
adhesion and aggregation. A high carboxymethylation degree results in strong polysaccharide activity.
CCSPs are expected to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation and
recurrence.
“…The higher the degree of carboxymethylation, the higher the carboxyl content and the better the performance of the antioxidant activity. 49 Our previous studies 26 showed that corn silk polysaccharide showed the strongest antioxidant activity when its molecular weight was 6.0 kDa (in the range of 2.0−124 kDa), and it could inhibit the transformation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals into calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. In this study, the performance of corn silk polysaccharide is similar to that of Poria cocos polysaccharide.…”
The purpose of this
study was to explore the repair effect of carboxymethyl-modified corn
silk polysaccharide (CSP) on oxidatively damaged renal epithelial
cells and the difference in adhesion between cells and calcium oxalate
crystals. The CSP was degraded and modified through carboxymethylation.
An oxidatively damaged cell model was constructed by oxalate damage
to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Then, the
damaged cells were repaired by modified polysaccharides, and the changes
in biochemical indexes and adhesion ability between cells and crystals
before and after repair were detected. Four modified polysaccharides
with carboxyl group (−COOH) contents of 3.92% (CSP0), 7.75%
(CCSP1), 12.90% (CCSP2), and 16.38% (CCSP3) were obtained. Compared
with CSP0, CCSPs had stronger antioxidant activity, could repair damaged
HK-2 cells, and could reduce phosphorylated serine eversion on the
cell membrane, the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and Annexin A1,
and crystal adhesion. However, its effect on the expression of hyaluronic
acid synthase was not substantial. The carboxymethyl modification
of the CSP can improve its ability to repair cells and inhibit crystal
adhesion and aggregation. A high carboxymethylation degree results in strong polysaccharide activity.
CCSPs are expected to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation and
recurrence.
“…Henceforth, the chelating influence on ferrous ions has been lately broadly used to assess some antioxidant activity of polysaccharides (Huang et al 2021 ). The iron-chelating ability of polysaccharides may be associated with the formation of cross-bridges between the carboxyl group in uronic acid and the divalent ions (Li et al 2021 ). The chelating rate of a novel heteropolysaccharide obtained from A. pubescens root was close to our present investigation at 2.0 mg mL −1 (Yuan et al 2020b ).…”
“…After carboxymethylation, the molecular weight of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus decreased and correspondingly the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition changed ( 144 ). Among carboxymethylated polysaccharides, the antioxidant activity aims to terminate free radicals against oxidation reactions from occurring by increasing the ability of chelating transition metal ions and providing single electron or hydrogen atoms with the increased content of -COOH ( 145 ). It is worth mentioning that there is a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and the degree of carboxymethylation within a certain range ( 146 ).…”
Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides, which are widely found in Chinese herbs and work as one of the important active ingredients. Its biological activity is attributed to its complex chemical structure with diverse spatial conformations. However, the structural elucidation is the foundation but a bottleneck problem because the majority of CHPs are heteropolysaccharides with more complex structures. Similarly, the studies on the relationship between structure and function of CHPs are even more scarce. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of CHPs. Meanwhile, we reviewed the structural elucidation strategies and some new progress especially in the advanced structural analysis methods. The characteristics and applicable scopes of various methods are compared to provide reference for selecting the most efficient method and developing new hyphenated techniques. Additionally, the principle structural modification methods of CHPs and their effects on activity are summarized. The shortcomings, potential breakthroughs, and developing directions of the study of CHPs are discussed. We hope to provide a reference for further research and promote the application of CHPs.
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