Abstract-Monocytes/macrophages are present in all stages of atherosclerosis. Although many of their activities depend to various extents on changes in intracellular Ca 2ϩ concentration ([Ca 2ϩ ] i ), mechanisms regulating [Ca 2ϩ ] i in these cells remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in Ca 2ϩ signaling in freshly isolated human monocytes/macrophages. Large capacitative Ca 2ϩ entry (CCE) was observed under fura 2 fluoroscopy in human monocytes/macrophages treated with thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid. ML-9 and wortmannin, 2 structurally different inhibitors of MLCK, dose-dependently (1 to 100 mol/L) prevented CCE and completely did so at 100 mol/L, whereas inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C had only partial effects. Western blotting showed that thapsigargin significantly caused myosin light chain phosphorylation, which was almost completely blocked by ML-9 (100 mol/L) and wortmannin (100 mol/L). ML-9 also dose-dependently (1 to 100 mol/L) inhibited this phosphorylation, which was well correlated with its inhibition of CCE. Transfection with MLCK antisense completely prevented CCE in response to thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, whereas MLCK sense had no effect.