Inhibition of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxylapatite by commercial dairy powders and individual milk proteins

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of various dairy powders and milk constituents on the adhesion of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxylapatite (HA), an analogue of tooth enamel. Adhesion of a microorganism to a cell surface such as epithelial cells or tooth enamel is considered to be the first step in pathogenesis. Inhibiting this process may have therapeutic effects in vivo. The adherence assays were performed by incubating S. mutans with HA in the presence of each test material for 45 min, followed by centrifugal separation of the HA. Unbound bacteria were then quantified using a fluorescent dye. Sweet and Acid WPC80, buttermilk powder and cream powder were found to very effectively inhibit adherence of S. mutans to phosphate-buffered saline coated HA (PBS-HA). Sodium caseinate and the casein fractions a-,b-and j-casein were also found to show high levels of anti-adhesive activity. A selection of test materials were assessed using saliva-coated HA (S-HA), and similar trends were observed. The results suggest commercial dairy powders, and certain milk proteins, can inhibit adhesion of S. mutans to HA and may have potential to control dental caries.

Curcumin suppresses Streptococcus mutans adherence to human tooth surfaces and extracellular matrix proteins

“…There are several possible mechanisms that can account for the inhibition of S. mutans to tooth surfaces, such as hydrophobic interactions, steric hindrance, charge-charge attraction/repulsion, and impediment to surface-binding proteins connected with S. mutans [28]. However, we cannot definitively describe how curcumin retards the adherence of S. mutans to human tooth surfaces at the molecular level.…”

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans binding to hydroxylapatite using partially digested whey protein concentrate and individual whey proteins

“…Cream powder (CP) was obtained from Kerry Foods, Listowel, Co. Kerry, Ireland. The compositional analysis of SWPC35, SWPC80, AWPC80, WPI, DW and CP is reported by Halpin et al (2008) and O'Sullivan (2011a, 2011b). Lactoferrin (LF) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and DMV Nutritionals, Delhi, NY, U.S.A. LACPRODAN â CGMP-10 caseino-glycomacropeptide (CGMP) was purchased from Arla Foods Ingredients amba, Viby, Denmark.…”

Determination of the effect of dairy powders on adherence of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus salivarius to hydroxylapatite and growth of these bacteria

“…Following a second centrifugation step, the bacterial pellets were re-suspended in PBS, and the OD 630nm of the suspensions measured using a Multiskan Ascent spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Vantaa, Finland), and adjusted to 0.2 by appropriate dilution with sterile PBS. The adherence assays were carried out as previously described (Halpin, Brady, O'Riordan, & O'Sullivan, in press;Halpin et al, 2008), using sterile 96-well polystyrene microtitre half-area plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark). Dairy powders were prepared to the required concentration by dispersing the dried powder in PBS.…”

“…These non-adhering bacteria were labelled with 10 lL of 5 lmol L À1 Syto â fluorescent dye. For more information regarding the development and validation of the assay described here, the reader should refer to Halpin et al (2008).…”

“…Research carried out in this laboratory (Halpin et al, 2008) has shown that a range of untreated dairy powders reduced adherence of the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans to hydroxylapatite, a calcium-phosphate analogue of human tooth enamel (Clark & Gibbons, 1977;Gibbons, Moreno, & Spinell, 1976). Further to this, more recent research carried out by this group has shown that dairy powders pre-and post-hydrolysis can inhibit adhesion of S. mutans to HA, and that enzyme treated SWPC80 inhibits growth of this microorganism (Halpin, Brady, O'Riordan, & O'Sullivan, in press).…”