Inhibition in Task Switching: The Reliability of the NN2 Repetition Cost

Kowalczyk, Agnieszka W; Grange, James A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2805021

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Mayr ( 2002 ) found no statistical difference in the task repetition cost between episodic matches ( response repetitions) and episodic mismatches ( response switches). However, in the subsequent work (Grange, Kowalczyk, & O’Loughlin, 2017 ), we have found quite a substantial decrease in estimates of the task repetition cost for response repetitions (episodic matches) compared to response switches (episodic mismatches), a finding we have since replicated numerous times (Grange, 2018b ; Grange, Kedra, & Walker, 2019 ; Kowalczyk, 2018 ). Despite this reduction in cost, we often find a small “residual” task repetition cost remains when controlling for episodic retrieval, suggesting some role for inhibition in task switching.…”

Section: Episodic Retrieval Contributions To Measures Of Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This experiment—hereafter labelled the “Mayr” experiment—was a replication of Mayr’s ( 2002 ) experiment, and was reported in Grange et al ( 2017 ; Experiment 1) and in Kowalczyk ( 2018 ). 76 participants met the inclusion criterion.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This experiment—hereafter labelled the “WM” experiment—was part of an unpublished study (Kowalczyk, 2018 ) examining the relationship between the task repetition cost and working memory capacity. Participants took part in two sessions: in one session participants were presented with the task switching paradigm reported here, and in the other session participants took part in a battery of working memory capacity measures (which we do not report here).…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching: a diffusion model analysis

Kowalczyk

Grange

2019

Psychological Research

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Inhibition in task switching is inferred from n − 2 task repetition costs: slower response times and poorer accuracy for ABA task switching sequences compared to CBA sequences, thought to reflect the persisting inhibition of task A across an ABA sequence. Much work has examined the locus of this inhibition effect, with evidence that inhibition targets response selection processes. Consistent with this, fits of the diffusion model to n − 2 task repetition cost data have shown that the cost is reflected by lower estimates of drift rate, suggesting that inhibition impairs information processing efficiency during response selection. However, we have shown that the n − 2 task repetition cost is confounded with episodic retrieval effects which masquerade as inhibitory costs. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of diffusion model fits to new data within a paradigm that controls for episodic interference. Across four experiments (total N = 191 ), we find evidence that the reduction of drift rate for n − 2 task repetition costs is only evident under conditions of episodic interference, and the cost is absent when this interference is controlled for. In addition, we also find evidence that episodic retrieval influences task preparation processes and response caution. These findings provide important constraints for theories of task switching that suggest inhibition selectively targets response selection processes.

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Section: Episodic Retrieval Contributions To Measures Of Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching: a diffusion model analysis

Kowalczyk

Grange

2019

Psychological Research

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The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching.

Grange

Kowalczyk

O'Loughlin

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Inhibition in task switching is inferred from n-2 repetition costs: the observation that ABA task switching sequences are responded to slower than CBA sequences. This is thought to reflect the persisting inhibition of task A, which slows re-activation attempts. Mayr (2002) reported an experiment testing a critical non-inhibitory account of this effect, namely episodic retrieval: If the trial parameters for task A match across an ABA sequence, responses should be facilitated due to priming from episodic retrieval; a cost would occur if trial parameters mismatch. In a rule-switching paradigm, Mayr reported no significant difference in n-2 repetition cost when the trial parameters repeated or switched across an ABA sequence, in clear contrast to the episodic retrieval account. What remains unclear is whether successful episodic retrieval modulates the n-2 repetition cost. Across three experiments-including a close replication of Mayr-we find clear evidence of reduced n-2 task repetition costs when episodic retrieval is controlled. We find that the effect of episodic retrieval on the n-2 task repetition cost is increased when the cue-task relationship is made more abstract, suggesting the effect is due to interference in establishing the relevant attentional set. We also demonstrate that the episodic retrieval effect is not influenced by retrieval of low-level, perceptual, elements. Together, the data suggest the n-2 task repetition cost-typically attributable to an inhibitory mechanismalso reflects episodic retrieval effects.Keywords: Task switching; inhibition, n-2 repetition cost, episodic retrieval, cognitive controlWe are grateful to Ulrich Mayr, Michael Masson, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on a previous version of this article. Please address correspondence to James A. Grange, School of Psychology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University, Keele, UK, ST5 5BG. Email: grange.jim@gmail.com. All raw data and analysis code are available to download at http://bit.ly/1P5cd0G.

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Inhibition in Task Switching: The Reliability of the NN2 Repetition Cost

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching: a diffusion model analysis

The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching: a diffusion model analysis

The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching.

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