INHIBITION BY GLUCOSE OF THE INDUCED SYNTHESIS OF THE β-GALACTOSIDE-ENZYME SYSTEM OF
            <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i>
            . ANALYSIS OF MAINTENANCE

Cohn, Melvin; Horibata, Kengo

doi:10.1128/jb.78.5.601-612.1959

Cited by 136 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Our work differs from earlier work with respect to the goal as well as the method. Indeed, since the goal of earlier work to understand the mechanism of bistability, the theoretical models focused on the steady states (Babloyantz and Nicolis, 1969;Chung and Stephanopoulos, 1996;Ozbudak et al, 2004;Narang and Pilyugin, 2008;Noel and Narang, 2009), and the experiments were primarily concerned with the measurement of the induction levels (Novick and Weiner, 1957;Cohn and Horibata, 1959a;Ozbudak et al, 2004). However, our goal was to understand the mechanism of strong glucose-mediated catabolite repression, which led us to focus on the transients and to measure both the induction and inducer levels.…”

Section: Comparison Of Our Results To Studies In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, becomes independent of the induction level , and addition of glucose produces a very modest effect. Indeed, there is practically no repression if glucose is added to lac-constitutive mutants (Cohn and Horibata, 1959b), and wild-type cells exposed to excess TMG (Cohn and Horibata, 1959a). The existence of autocatalytic induction kinetics is therefore necessary for the dramatic shift of the steady state induction level.…”

Section: Relative Roles Of the Various Mechanisms That Mediate Catabomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing glucose-mediated catabolite repression of thelacoperon ofEscherichia coli: I. Inducer exclusion, by itself, cannot account for the repression

Aggarwal

Narang

2019

Preprint

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The lac operon of Escherichia coli is repressed several 100-fold in the presence of glucose.This repression has been attributed to CRP-mediated transcriptional inhibition and EIIA Glcmediated inducer exclusion. The growing evidence against the first mechanism has led to the postulate that the repression is driven by inducer exclusion. The literature shows that in fully induced cells, inducer exclusion reduces the permease activity only 2-fold. However, it is conceivable that inducer exclusion drastically reduces the permease activity in partially induced cells. We measured the decline of lactose permease activity due to inducer exclusion in partially induced cells, but found that the permease activity decreased no more than 6-fold.We show that the repression is small because these experiments are performed in the presence of chloramphenicol. Indeed, when glucose is added to a culture growing on glycerol and TMG, but no chloramphenicol, lac is repressed 900-fold, of which inducer exclusion accounts for only 3-fold repression The remainder is due to reversal of the positive feedback loop, i.e., the decline of the intracellular TMG level leads to a lower permease level, which reduces the intracellular TMG level even further. The repression in the absence of chloramphenicol is therefore primarily due to positive feedback, which does not exist during measurements of inducer exclusion.

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Section: Comparison Of Our Results To Studies In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Roles Of the Various Mechanisms That Mediate Catabomentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing glucose-mediated catabolite repression of thelacoperon ofEscherichia coli: I. Inducer exclusion, by itself, cannot account for the repression

Aggarwal

Narang

2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Therefore, hysteretic switches might be preferred in biological systems. In fact, such hysteretic switches are used in various cellular processes such as the cell cycle [5][6][7][8][9][10], cell fate decisions [11][12][13][14], the circadian clock [3], nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli [25], neutrophil differentiation [26], galactose utilization in yeast [17], lactose utilization in E. coli [27,28], neural networks [29], and elastance of the lung [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulatory circuits for hysteretic switching in cellular signal transduction pathways

Kim¹,

Cho²

2012

The FEBS Journal

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Hysteresis can be found in many physical systems, and a hysteretic switch has been used for various mechanical and electrical systems. Such a hysteretic switch can be created by using a single positive feedback loop, as often used in engineering systems. It is, however, intriguing that various cellular signaling systems use coupled positive feedback loops to implement the hysteretic switch. A question then arises about the advantage of using coupled positive feedback loops instead of simple isolated positive feedback for an apparently equivalent hysteretic switch. Through mathematical simulations, we determined that cellular systems with coupled positive feedback loops show enhanced hysteretic switching, and can thereby make a more reliable decision under conditions of noisy signaling. As most intracellular processes are accompanied by intrinsic noise, important cellular decisions such as differentiation and apoptosis need to be highly robust to such noises. The coupled positive feedback loops might have been evolutionarily acquired to enable correct cell fate decisions to be made through enhanced hysteretic switching in noisy cellular environments.

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“…There is evidence of substrate utilization patterns that vary depending on the initial physiological state of the culture. Cohn and coworkers (Cohn, 1956;Cohn and Horibata, 1959) have shown that if glucose and thiomethyl-␤-D-galactoside (TMG), a gratuitous inducer for the lac operon, are simultaneously added to an Escherichia coli culture, no ␤-galactosidase is synthesized. If TMG is added to the culture before the addition of glucose, ␤-galactosidase is synthesized for up to 133 generations at a rate only slightly below its rate of synthesis in the absence of glucose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamical analogy between microbial growth on mixtures of substrates and population growth of competing species

Narang¹

1998

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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There is a similarity between the metabolic dynamics of a microbial species growing on a mixture of two substrates and the dynamics of growth of two competing populations. Specifically, the enzymes catalyzing the uptake and catabolism of substrates exhibit phenomena analogous to extinction and coexistence.“Extinction” of the enzymes associated with one of the substrates results in sequential utilization of the substrates (diauxie) (Monod, 1942). “Coexistence” of the enzymes associated with the substrates results in simultaneous utilization of the substrates (Egli, 1995). Here, we formulate a simple model that shows the basis for this dynamical similarity: The equations describing the evolution of the enzyme levels are dynamical analogs of the Lotka‐Volterra model for two competing species. The analogy suggests ways of capturing the experimentally observed preculture‐dependent growth patterns, i.e., growth patterns that vary depending on the physiological state of the preculture. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:116–121, 1998.

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INHIBITION BY GLUCOSE OF THE INDUCED SYNTHESIS OF THE β-GALACTOSIDE-ENZYME SYSTEM OF ESCHERICHIA COLI . ANALYSIS OF MAINTENANCE

Abstract: The observation has been made repeatedly that the induced synthesis of many different enzymes can be inhibited by a wide variety of carbo

Cited by 136 publications

References 20 publications

Deconstructing glucose-mediated catabolite repression of thelacoperon ofEscherichia coli: I. Inducer exclusion, by itself, cannot account for the repression

Deconstructing glucose-mediated catabolite repression of thelacoperon ofEscherichia coli: I. Inducer exclusion, by itself, cannot account for the repression

The regulatory circuits for hysteretic switching in cellular signal transduction pathways

The dynamical analogy between microbial growth on mixtures of substrates and population growth of competing species

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