Inhibition and auditory comprehension in Wernicke's aphasia

Wiener, Debra A.; Connor, Lisa Tabor; Obler, Loraine K.

doi:10.1080/02687030444000228

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The aphasic patients were highly responsive to phonemic cueing in picture naming presumably because the cues boosted activation of the target word relative to semantically related competitors (Jefferies et al, submitted). All these features are consistent with a semantic control deficit: indeed, semantic difficulties were concomitant with executive impairment in the aphasic group (see also Baldo et al, 2005;Wiener, Connor, & Obler, 2004). In contrast, non-verbal reasoning was largely intact in the SD group.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The impact of semantic impairment on verbal short-term memory in stroke aphasia and semantic dementia: A comparative study

Jefferies

Hoffman

Jones

et al. 2008

Journal of Memory and Language

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This study presents the first direct comparison of immediate serial recall in semantic dementia (SD) and transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA). Previous studies of the effect of semantic impairment on verbal short-term memory (STM) have led to important theoretical advances. However, different conclusions have been drawn from these two groups. This research aimed to explain these inconsistencies. We observed (a) qualitative differences between SD and TSA in the nature of the verbal STM impairment and (b) considerable variation within the TSA group. The SD and TSA patients all had poor semantic processing and good phonology. Reflecting this, both groups remained sensitive to phonological similarity and showed a reduced effect of lexicality in immediate serial recall. The SD patients showed normal serial position effects; in contrast, the TSA patients had poor recall of the initial list items and exhibited large recency effects on longer lists. The error patterns of the two groups differed: the SD patients made numerous phoneme migration errors whereas the TSA group were more likely to produce entire words in the wrong order, often initiating recall with terminal list items. The SD cases also showed somewhat larger effects of word frequency and imageability. We propose that these contrasting performance patterns are explicable in terms of the nature of the underlying semantic impairment. SD is associated with anterior lobe atrophy and produces degradation of semantic knowledge -this is more striking for less frequent/imageable items, accentuating the effects of these lexical/semantic variables in STM. SD patients frequently recombine the phonemes of different list items due to the reduced semantic constraint upon phonology (semantic binding: Patterson et al., 1994). In contrast, the semantic impairment in TSA follows frontal or temporoparietal lesions and is associated with poor executive control of semantic processing (deregulated semantic cognition: Jefferies and Lambon , explaining why these patients are liable to recall entire words out of serial order.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The impact of semantic impairment on verbal short-term memory in stroke aphasia and semantic dementia: A comparative study

Jefferies

Hoffman

Jones

et al. 2008

Journal of Memory and Language

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“…However, the fact that the mismatch position effect was not stronger for the aphasic participant population, compared to their controls, shows that strong lexical resemblance led to ''overactivation'' in fluent and non-fluent aphasic patients, regardless of mismatch position. This result had been anticipated mainly for the Wernicke's aphasic patients, given earlier evidence of their impaired inhibition/deactivation abilities of onceactivated items (Janse, 2006;Wiener, Connor, & Obler, 2004).…”

Section: Jansementioning

confidence: 92%

Spoken word processing and the effect of phonemic mismatch in aphasia

Janse

2008

Aphasiology

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To cite this Article Janse, Esther(2010) 'Spoken word processing and the effect of phonemic mismatch in aphasia', Aphasiology, 24: 1, 3 -27, First published on: 24 November 2008 (iFirst) To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/02687030802339997 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030802339997Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Spoken word processing and the effect of phonemic mismatch in aphasiaEsther JanseUtrecht University, The NetherlandsBackground: There is evidence that, unlike in typical populations, initial lexical activation upon hearing spoken words in aphasic patients is not a direct reflection of the goodness of fit between the presented stimulus and the intended target. Earlier studies have mainly used short monosyllabic target words. Short words are relatively difficult to recognise because they are not highly redundant: changing one phoneme will often result in a (similar-sounding) different word.Aims: The present study aimed to investigate sensitivity of the lexical recognition system in aphasia. The focus was on longer words that contain more redundancy, to investigate whether aphasic adults might be impaired in deactivation of strongly activated lexical candidates. This was done by studying lexical activation upon presentation of spoken polysyllabic pseudowords (such as procodile) to see to what extent mismatching phonemic information leads to deactivation in the face of overwhelming support for one specific lexical candidate. Methods & Procedures: Speeded auditory lexical decision was used to investigate response time and accuracy to pseudowords with a word-initial or word-final phonemic mismatch in 21 aphasic patients and in an age-matched control group. Outcomes & Results:Results of an auditory lexical decision task showed that aphasic participants were less sensitive to phonemic mismatch if there was strong evidence for one particular lexical candidate, compared to the control group. Classifications of patients as Broca's vs Wernicke's or as fluent vs non-fluent did not reveal differences in sensitivity to mismatch between aphasia types. There was no reliable relationship between measures of auditory verbal short-term memory and lexical decision performance. Conclusions: It is argued that the aphasic resu...

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“…This implies that, even in the presence of negative bottom-up information, these patients are impaired in the deactivation of once-appropriate word candidates. The results from an adapted Stroop color word test by Wiener, Connor, and Obler (2004) also showed a larger Stroop interference effect for Wernicke's aphasic patients than for an age-matched control population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spoken-word processing in aphasia: Effects of item overlap and item repetition

Janse

2008

Brain and Language

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Two studies were carried out to investigate the effects of presentation of primes showing partial (word-initial) or full overlap on processing of spoken target words. The first study investigated whether time compression would interfere with lexical processing so as to elicit aphasic-like performance in non-brain-damaged subjects. The second study was designed to compare effects of item overlap and item repetition in aphasic patients of different diagnostic types. Time compression did not interfere with lexical deactivation for the non-brain-damaged subjects. Furthermore, all aphasic patients showed immediate inhibition of co-activated candidates. These combined results show that deactivation is a fast process. Repetition effects, however, seem to arise only at the longer term in aphasic patients. Importantly, poor performance on diagnostic verbal STM tasks was shown to be related to lexical decision performance in both overlap and repetition conditions, which suggests a common underlying deficit.

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Inhibition and auditory comprehension in Wernicke's aphasia

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The impact of semantic impairment on verbal short-term memory in stroke aphasia and semantic dementia: A comparative study

The impact of semantic impairment on verbal short-term memory in stroke aphasia and semantic dementia: A comparative study

Spoken word processing and the effect of phonemic mismatch in aphasia

Spoken-word processing in aphasia: Effects of item overlap and item repetition

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