Inhibiting Swarming Motility: A Promising Strategy for Preventing Biofilm Formation in Proteus Mirabilis and Reducing Virulence.

Abstract

Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative bacterium, poses a significant threat in healthcare settings, particularly due to its association with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated infections. Central to its pathogenicity is its ability to form robust biofilms, primarily facilitated by swarming motility, a complex phenomenon involving the coordinated movement of bacterial cells across solid surfaces. This review paper delves into the intricate relationship between swarming motility, biofilm formation, and the virulence of P. mirabilis, emphasizing the multifaceted mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved. Recent studies have revealed key components, such as flagella, surfactants, and quorum sensing systems, governing swarming motility. Targeting these elements has shown promise in inhibiting swarming and disrupting biofilm formation. Various strategies, including small molecule inhibitors, essential oils, and quorum sensing disruptors, have been explored to inhibit swarming motility. Despite notable progress, challenges persist, including the complex regulatory networks, strain variability, and adaptation mechanisms of P. mirabilis. This paper critically evaluates the recent advancements and challenges in inhibiting swarming motility, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field. Integrating multi-omics approaches, understanding environmental cues, and developing high-throughput screening methods are essential future directions.By unraveling the complexities of swarming motility, this review contributes to the development of innovative, targeted approaches, paving the way for effective interventions against Proteus mirabilis infections, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare-associated infection burdens.