Inhibited KdpFABC resides in an E1 off-cycle state

Abstract

KdpFABC is a high-affinity prokaryotic K+ uptake system that forms a functional chimera between a channel-like subunit (KdpA) and a P-type ATPase (KdpB). At high K+ levels, KdpFABC needs to be inhibited to prevent excessive K+ accumulation to the point of toxicity. This is achieved by a phosphorylation of the serine residue in the TGES162 motif in the A domain of the pump subunit KdpB (KdpBS162-P). Here, we explore the structural basis of inhibition by KdpBS162 phosphorylation by determining the conformational landscape of KdpFABC under inhibiting and non-inhibiting conditions. Under turnover conditions, we identified a new inhibited KdpFABC conformation that we termed E1-P tight, which is not part of the canonical Post-Albers transport cycle of P-type ATPases. It likely represents the biochemically described stalled E1-P state adopted by KdpFABC upon KdpBS162 phosphorylation. The E1-P tight state exhibits a compact fold of the three cytoplasmic domains and is likely adopted when the transition from high-energy E1-P states to E2-P states is unsuccessful. This study represents the first structural characterization of a biologically relevant off-cycle state in the P-type ATPase family and supports the emerging discussion of P-type ATPase regulation by such conformations.