Inhibited growth in the photosymbiont-bearing foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis from the nearshore Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Reymond, Claire E.; Uthicke, Sven; Pandolfi, John M.

doi:10.3354/meps09172

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…However, increase in nitrate concentrations resulted in no measurable change in the bleaching response. In contrast, growth of the dinoflagellate-bearing species Marginopora vertebralis was distinctly reduced when exposed to inshore conditions on the Great Barrier Reef with increased nutrient levels or in laboratory experiments under increased nitrate or phosphate (Reymond et al 2011). Here, we further explore the interactive effects of elevated temperature and increased nutrients on M. vertebralis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Additionally, growth in situ was further reduced on inshore reefs subjected to higher nutrient loads (Uthicke and Altenrath 2010). A study by Reymond et al (2011) has described a similar decline in growth under enhanced nutrient conditions in both aquarium and in situ experiments. This is likely to be a factor in the findings that the relative abundance of mixotrophic foraminiferal species can be used as an indicator for high nutrient loads on coral reefs Uthicke and Nobes 2008;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Approximately 1,000-bp DNA of the 18S region of 5 specimens from Shaw Island was amplified and sequenced using primers S6R, S14rf, S14F3 and 17R (Pawlowski 2000;Holzmann et al 2001) and sequences deposited on GenBank (Accession Numbers: JN575555-JN575559). These sequences showed a [99% match to specimens used in Reymond et al (2011) and sequences deposited under that species name on GenBank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This species appears quite variable and exists as several different morphotypes on the GBR; all specimens collected from Shaw Island correspond to the morphotype described in detail in Reymond et al (2011). Approximately 1,000-bp DNA of the 18S region of 5 specimens from Shaw Island was amplified and sequenced using primers S6R, S14rf, S14F3 and 17R (Pawlowski 2000;Holzmann et al 2001) and sequences deposited on GenBank (Accession Numbers: JN575555-JN575559).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased temperatures have led to reduced growth rates of some species in situ and in the laboratory (Schmidt et al 2011;Reymond et al 2011). Additionally, growth in situ was further reduced on inshore reefs subjected to higher nutrient loads (Uthicke and Altenrath 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Interactive effects of climate change and eutrophication on the dinoflagellate-bearing benthic foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis

et al. 2011

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Elevated sea surface temperatures caused by global climate change and increased nutrient concentrations resulting from land runoff both are stressors for calcifying coral reef organisms. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased temperature leads to bleaching in dinoflagellate-bearing foraminifera similar to corals and that increased nutrients through runoff can exaggerate stress on the holobiont. In an experiment manipulating temperatures alone, we have shown that mortality of Marginopora vertebralis increased with temperatures. Most individuals died after 7 days at 34°C, *5°C above current summer maxima. Survival at 37 days was [98% at 28°C. After 7 days of exposure to 31 or 32°C, photosynthesis of the endosymbionts was compromised, as indicated by several photophysiological parameters (effective quantum yield and apparent photosynthetic rate). In a flow-though experiment manipulating both temperature (three levels, 26, 29 and 31°C) and nitrate concentrations (3 levels, *0.5, 1.0 and 1.4 lmol l -1 NO 3 -), elevated temperature had a significant negative effect on most parameters measured. At 31°C, most photopigments (measured by UPLC) in the foraminifera were significantly reduced. The only pigment that increased was the photoprotective diatoxanthin. Several other parameters measured (maximum and effective quantum yield, O 2 production in light, organic carbon contents) also significantly decreased with temperature. Optode-based respirometry demonstrated that the presence of symbionts at elevated temperatures represents a net carbon loss for the host. Growth rates of M. vertebralis and mortality at the end of the experiment were significantly affected by both temperature increase and nitrate addition. We conclude that these foraminifera bleach in a similar fashion to corals and that global sea surface temperature change and nitrate increases are stressors for these protists. Furthermore, this provides support for the hypothesis that management of local stressors elevates resilience of coral reefs to global stressors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%