Inhibited and Uninhibited Types of Children

Kagan, Jerome; Js, Reznick; Gibbons, Jane

doi:10.2307/1131025

Cited by 334 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A number of behavioral tasks, based on the procedures used by Asendorpf [1], Kagan et al [28], Bishop et al [4], Edwards [11], and Van Brakel et al [49], were used in order to assess observable manifestations of the inhibited temperament. Parents and children were observed during a lab assessment that included both social and non-social tasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these scales have proven to be useful in this regard, it is also true that they measure a broader concept of temperament than behavioral inhibition. Meanwhile, a number of scales have been construed with a specific focus on behavioral inhibition (e.g., [18, 48], but these scales predominantly measure the social aspects of this temperament construct rather than inhibited behavior in response to a broad range of novel stimuli and situations [28]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The assessment of an inhibited, anxiety-prone temperament in a Dutch multi-ethnic population of preschool children

Vreeke

Muris

Mayer

et al. 2012

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire-Short Form (BIQ-SF) is a 14-item parent-rating scale for assessing an inhibited, anxiety-prone temperament in preschool children. This study examined the psychometric properties of the BIQ-SF scores in a multi-ethnic community population of Dutch boys and girls aged 2.5–6 years (total N = 2,343, from which various subsamples were derived). Results revealed that the factor structure of the BIQ-SF was as hypothesized: a model with six correlated factors representing children’s inhibited behaviors in various social and non-social contexts provided a good fit for the data. The internal consistency of the BIQ-SF was generally satisfactory and scores on the scale were found to be fairly stable over a time period of up to 2 years. Parent-teacher agreement was acceptable, and relations between the BIQ-SF and observations of an inhibited temperament were moderate. Finally, BIQ-SF scores were positively associated with measures of anxiety and internalizing symptoms, whereas no significant links were found with externalizing symptoms. Altogether, these results provide support for the reliability and validity of the BIQ-SF as an economical method for assessing behavioral inhibition and anxiety proneness in young children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of an inhibited, anxiety-prone temperament in a Dutch multi-ethnic population of preschool children

Vreeke

Muris

Mayer

et al. 2012

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…In a recent study, Beck et al (2010) showed that female sex and behaviorally inhibited temperament (i.e., a tendency to avoid or withdraw from novel social and non-social situations), two factors associated with vulnerability to anxiety in humans (Kagan et al, 1989; Pigott, 1999), were each associated with facilitated acquisition of avoidance responding in rats. Using a computer-based task similar to the one employed in the current study, we have recently paralleled these animal findings and demonstrated that sex and inhibited temperament similarly affect avoidance behavior in humans (Sheynin et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and Extinction of Human Avoidance Behavior: Attenuating Effect of Safety Signals and Associations with Anxiety Vulnerabilities

Sheynin

Beck

Servatius

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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While avoidance behavior is often an adaptive strategy, exaggerated avoidance can be detrimental and result in the development of psychopathologies, such as anxiety disorders. A large animal literature shows that the acquisition and extinction of avoidance behavior in rodents depends on individual differences (e.g., sex, strain) and might be modulated by the presence of environmental cues. However, there is a dearth of such reports in human literature, mainly due to the lack of adequate experimental paradigms. In the current study, we employed a computer-based task, where participants control a spaceship and attempt to gain points by shooting an enemy spaceship that appears on the screen. Warning signals predict on-screen aversive events; the participants can learn a protective response to escape or avoid these events. This task has been recently used to reveal facilitated acquisition of avoidance behavior in individuals with anxiety vulnerability due to female sex or inhibited personality. Here, we extended the task to include an extinction phase, and tested the effect of signals that appeared during “safe” periods. Healthy young adults (n = 122) were randomly assigned to a testing condition with or without such signals. Results showed that the addition of safety signals during the acquisition phase impaired acquisition (in females) and facilitated extinction of the avoidance behavior. We also replicated our recent finding of an association between female sex and longer avoidance duration and further showed that females continued to demonstrate more avoidance behavior even on extinction trials when the aversive events no longer occurred. This study is the first to show sex differences on the acquisition and extinction of human avoidance behavior and to demonstrate the role of safety signals in such behavior, highlighting the potential relevance of safety signals for cognitive therapies that focus on extinction learning to treat anxiety symptoms.

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“…In addition to parent factors, child-specific factors, such as temperament and frequent emotional negativity (Kagan et al 1989; Morris et al 2002) appear to play a role with eliciting sub-optimal parenting. In particular, non-supportive parental reactions have been observed to follow children’s negative affective displays (e.g., Morelen and Suveg 2012; Hudson et al 2009).…”

Section: Parental Meta-emotion Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Emotion Coaching in Families of Children and Adolescents with an Anxiety Disorder

Hurrell

Houwing

Hudson

2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Using a multi-method approach, this study examined differences in parental meta-emotional philosophy (including, parental emotional awareness and emotion coaching) for families with anxiety disordered (AD; n = 74) and non-AD (n = 35) children (aged 7 to 15). Further, it was investigated whether children’s emotion regulation (ER) varied across the AD and non-AD groups. Parent(s) were interviewed about their awareness of emotions and emotion coaching; completed a battery of questionnaires that included a measure assessing children’s emotion regulation; and engaged in a parent-child discussion task. Results indicated that compared to parents of non-AD youth, parents of AD youth were less aware of their own emotions and their children’s emotions, and these results varied by emotion type. Parents of AD youth engaged in significantly less emotion coaching than parents of non-AD youth. AD youth were identified as having significantly greater difficulty regulating their emotions when compared to non-AD youth. Implications for the role of parental meta-emotional philosophy and AD youth’s emotion regulation are discussed.

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Inhibited and Uninhibited Types of Children

Cited by 334 publications

References 7 publications

The assessment of an inhibited, anxiety-prone temperament in a Dutch multi-ethnic population of preschool children

The assessment of an inhibited, anxiety-prone temperament in a Dutch multi-ethnic population of preschool children

Acquisition and Extinction of Human Avoidance Behavior: Attenuating Effect of Safety Signals and Associations with Anxiety Vulnerabilities

Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Emotion Coaching in Families of Children and Adolescents with an Anxiety Disorder

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