Inhibin B in boys from birth to adulthood: relationship with age, pubertal stage, FSH and testosterone

Crofton, Patricia M.; Evans, Andrew; Groome, Nigel P.; Taylor, M. R. H.; Holland, Celia V.; Kelnar, Christopher J. H.

doi:10.1046/j.0300-0664.2001.01448.x

Cited by 128 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Mean concentrations increase slightly between pre-puberty and the early stage of puberty, but then increase markedly into mid-puberty. Similar patterns during puberty have been reported by others (2,4,5). The most marked diurnal rhythm was observed during early and in mid pubertal development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Changes of diurnal rhythm and levels of total and free testosterone secretion from pre to late puberty in boys: testis size of 3 ml is a transition stage to puberty

Ankarberg‐Lindgren

Norjavaara

2004

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To establish levels for comparison for 24-h total and free serum testosterone in prepubertal boys and throughout pubertal development. Design: The study subjects were 55 healthy boys, aged 5.0-18.6 years, who underwent serial sampling one or more times during their pubertal development. Methods: Testicular volumes were determined by orchidometer. Serum testosterone was measured by a modified RIA (detection limit, 0.03 nmol/l). Free testosterone was calculated (calc-FT) using a formula derived from the law of mass action. Results: Significant increases in testosterone and calc-FT concentrations in boys were found between testis volumes of 1 ml to 2 ml, 2 ml to 3 ml, 6 ml to 8 ml, and 10 ml to 15 ml. No differences were found between testis volumes of 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml neither were there differences between 8 and 10 ml, or between 15, 20 and 25 ml. Boys who had reached their final height had higher calc-FT values than boys who had the same pubertal development but had not reached their final height. Based on the results, puberty was classified into six stages: pre1 (testis, 1 ml), pre2 (testis, 2 ml), early (testis, 3 -6 ml), mid (testis, 8-12 ml), late1 (testis,15 -25 ml, not reached final height) and late2 (testis, 15 -25 ml, reached final height). Serum testosterone was secreted with a diurnal variation in prepuberty and during puberty. The increase of testosterone in the morning hours started earlier in pubertal than in pre-pubertal boys. The most pronounced diurnal rhythm was found in early and in mid puberty. Conclusion: Using a sensitive method, and a pubertal reclassification, we have established levels for comparison of testosterone and calc-FT in prepubertal and pubertal boys. The existence of data for comparison forms the basis for future studies on pubertal disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Changes of diurnal rhythm and levels of total and free testosterone secretion from pre to late puberty in boys: testis size of 3 ml is a transition stage to puberty

Ankarberg‐Lindgren

Norjavaara

2004

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In both sexes, FSH secretion is stimulated by GnRH and inhibited by inhibin and, in women, also by estrogens. The normal range of inhibin B levels is much higher in males than females at all ages (20,(29)(30)(31); E 2 levels in women with normal ovarian function are much higher than in men, while FSH levels are similar in both sexes. We suggest that the common cause of hypogonadism in most PWS patients, both males and females, is related to a unique defect in inhibin B secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hypogonadism in females with Prader–Willi syndrome from infancy to adulthood: variable combinations of a primary gonadal defect and hypothalamic dysfunction

Eldar‐Geva

Hirsch

Benarroch

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The variable hypogonadism in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) has generally been attributed to hypothalamic dysfunction. Recent studies have documented primary testicular dysfunction in PWS males. Our aims were to characterize sexual development and reproductive hormones in PWS females and to investigate the etiology of hypogonadism. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical examination was performed on 45 PWS females (aged 6 weeks to 32 years) and blood samples were obtained for hormonal analyses. Results: Age of onset and progression of puberty varied; most adults had incomplete sexual development. Spontaneous menarche was reported in four (aged 15-30 years) but all had subsequently developed secondary amenorrhea or oligomennorrhea. Anti-Mullerian hormone levels were within the normal range in all age groups. Inhibin B was consistently low or undetectable; only five women had levels in the low-normal range (20-54 pg/ml). LH was normal in most children, but low (!1.0 IU/l) in 9 of 15 adults. FSH was within the normal range for age in most children, but low (!0.5 IU/l) in 10 and high in four adults. Estradiol levels were normal-low and androgen levels were normal in the majority. Conclusions: Pubertal development in PWS females, as in males, is characterized by normal adrenarche, pubertal arrest, and hypogonadism due to variable combinations of a unique primary gonadal defect and hypothalamic dysfunction.

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“…This has been determined through characterization of their normal expression levels. Inhibin B expression, for example, is high in infant boys but declines in concert with the increase in gonadotrophins, reaching a nadir at 6-10 years of age (Crofton et al 2002). Byrd et al (1998) consequently suggested that inhibin B could potentially be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism and precocious puberty.…”

Section: Molecular and Cellular Biomarkers Of Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for assessing reproductive development and health: Part 1--Pubertal development.

Rockett

Lynch

Buck

2004

Environ Health Perspect

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The proposed National Children's Study has helped raise awareness of the issues related to children's health and the importance of monitoring the growth and development of children from preconception through adulthood. Many genetic predispositions can adversely impact the normal development process, and various environmental exposures have been linked to adverse reproductive health in rodent models and a small number of accidental human exposures. To monitor reproductive health and identify adverse effects at the earliest possible juncture, investigators must develop a network of biomarkers covering all stages and aspects of reproductive development and function. Biomarkers are biological indicators that can be measured repeatedly and are informative on one or more aspects of biological development or function. They can range from the anatomical level down to the molecular level and may provide information on the nature of an exposure, the effect of an exposure, or the susceptibility of individuals or populations to the toxic effects of an exposure. In theory, biomarkers can be used to monitor a wide variety of conditions and responses ranging from abnormal development to early indicators of late-onset disease. The main stumbling block with this theory has been finding appropriate biomarkers for particular conditions and exposures. Such biomarkers must be easily accessible, robust, and sensitive. Ideally, they will be expressed across a large section of the population, and can be monitored quickly, easily, conveniently, and with minimal cost. In this review, we discuss some of the current and emerging biomarkers of human pubertal development.

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Inhibin B in boys from birth to adulthood: relationship with age, pubertal stage, FSH and testosterone

Cited by 128 publications

References 23 publications

Changes of diurnal rhythm and levels of total and free testosterone secretion from pre to late puberty in boys: testis size of 3 ml is a transition stage to puberty

Changes of diurnal rhythm and levels of total and free testosterone secretion from pre to late puberty in boys: testis size of 3 ml is a transition stage to puberty

Hypogonadism in females with Prader–Willi syndrome from infancy to adulthood: variable combinations of a primary gonadal defect and hypothalamic dysfunction

Biomarkers for assessing reproductive development and health: Part 1--Pubertal development.

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