Inhibin .ALPHA., .BETA.A and .BETA.B Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Cultured Rat Pituitary: Studies by a Quantitative RT-PCR.

Demura, Reiko; Suzuki, Tomoharu; Yajima, Rie; Tajima, Saeko; Kubo, Osami; Yoshimoto, Takanobu; Demura, Hiroshi

doi:10.1507/endocrj.43.403

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The mRNA encoding the activin ␤A subunit gene has been detected in rat pituitary gland (97,415,459). Its levels change after oophorectomy (498), as well as following treatment with luteinizing hormone (LH) or progesterone (415), indicating a possible regulation by ovarian steroids, peptide hormones, or both.…”

Section: Pituitary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin A in Mammalian Physiology

Bloise

Ciarmela

Cruz

et al. 2019

Physiological Reviews

142

129

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Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. The current understanding of activin A surpasses the reproductive system and allows its classification as a hormone, a growth factor, and a cytokine. In more than 30 yr of intense research, activin A was localized in female and male reproductive organs but also in other organs and systems as diverse as the brain, liver, lung, bone, and gut. Moreover, its roles include embryonic differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall in early pregnancy, and fetal/neonate brain protection in hypoxic conditions. It is now recognized that activin A overexpression may be either cytostatic or mitogenic, depending on the cell type, with important implications for tumor biology. Activin A also regulates bone formation and regeneration, enhances joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and triggers pathogenic mechanisms in the respiratory system. In this 30-yr review, we analyze the evidence for physiological roles of activin A and the potential use of activin agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents.

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Section: Pituitary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin A in Mammalian Physiology

Bloise

Ciarmela

Cruz

et al. 2019

Physiological Reviews

142

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Together with the high levels of ActR2, ALK2, and ALK4 mRNA observed during the secondary surge of FSH (Fafioffe et al 2004), these results In cultured ewe pituitary cells, treatment of cells with GnRH for 6 h did not modify the level of activin bB mRNA. Similarly, in rat pituitary cells, chronic GnRH or rapid pulse frequency of GnRH did not affect activin bB mRNA levels in contrast to low pulse frequency (Demura et al 1996, Dalkin et al 1999. Treatment of pituitary cells with E 2 for 48 h increased the level of activin bB mRNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Dynamic regulation of pituitary mRNAs for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, BMP receptors, and activin/inhibin subunits in the ewe during the estrous cycle and in cultured pituitary cells

Sallon

Faure

Fontaine

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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Recently, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 has been shown to inhibit FSH secretion in ewe. The detection of BMP4 mRNA and BMP receptors in the pituitary suggests that BMP4 can exert paracrine actions on FSH production. This work aimed at determining whether BMP4 and/or BMP receptor mRNA as well as activin/inhibin subunit mRNA fluctuates during the estrous cycle when FSHb mRNA and FSH release changed. The estrous cycles of ewes were synchronized with progestagen sponges. Ewes were killed in late follicular stage (nZ5), before the secondary FSH surge (nZ4), and in luteal phase (nZ4). Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we showed that the levels of mRNA for BMP4, BMP receptor, the inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2), a target gene of BMP4, and noggin did not change significantly across the estrous cycle.In contrast, the level of activin bB mRNA and the percentage of immunoreactive cells for activin bB-subunit were higher before the secondary surge of FSH compared to other groups. In ewe pituitary cell cultures, activin, GnRH, or estradiol17b (E 2 ) did not significantly affect the levels of BMP4, BMP receptor, and Id2 mRNA. E 2 , but not GnRH, increased the level of activin bB mRNA. Moreover, the in vitro FSH release was not modified by noggin, a BMP antagonist. In contrast, SB431542, an inhibitor of activin pathway, inhibited FSH release. Collectively, our data showed that pituitary BMP4 would not play a crucial role in the regulation of FSH production during the estrous cycle, whereas local activin B would be a major stimulus of FSH synthesis necessary for the secondary FSH surge.

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“…Many previous studies have demonstrated the presence of inhibin α-subunit mRNA and protein expressions in the anterior pituitary cells [1], [6]–[7]. The proposed function of inhibin α-subunit is to primarily modulate FSH production through its endocrine feedback module [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Mechanism of Inhibin α-Subunit Gene in Mouse Anterior Pituitary Cells by RNA Interference

Han

Riaz

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Inhibin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] superfamily, is a suppressor of follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] release through pituitary–gonadal negative feedback loop to regulate follicular development. In this study, Inhibin α-subunit [Inha] gene was knocked down successfully in mice primary anterior pituitary cells at both transcriptional and translational levels by RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen Vector mediated recombinant pshRNA vectors. The results indicated that inhibin silencing significantly promoted apoptosis by up-regulating Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 genes without affecting p53 both at transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, it markedly impaired the progression of G1 phase of cell cycle and decreased the amount of cells in S phase [as detected by flow cytometry]. Inhibin silencing resulted in significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein expressions of Gondotropin releasing hormone receptors [GnRHR] and down-regulated mRNA levels of β-glycans with parellel change in the amount of its protein expression. Silencing of inhibin-a significantly increased [P<0.05] activin-β concentration without affecting FSH and LH levels in anterior pituitary cells. These findings revealed that up regulation of GnRH receptors by silencing inhibin a-subunit gene might increase the concentration of activin-β in the culture medium. Inhibin a silencing resulted in increased mRNA and protein expressions of inhibinβ which may demonstrate that both inhibin subunits co-participate in the regulation of reproductive events in anterior pituitary cells. This study concludes that inhibin is a broad regulatory marker in anterior pituitary cells by regulating apoptosis, cellular progression and simultaneously by vital fluctuations in the hormonal signaling.

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Inhibin .ALPHA., .BETA.A and .BETA.B Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Cultured Rat Pituitary: Studies by a Quantitative RT-PCR.

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Activin A in Mammalian Physiology

Activin A in Mammalian Physiology

Dynamic regulation of pituitary mRNAs for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, BMP receptors, and activin/inhibin subunits in the ewe during the estrous cycle and in cultured pituitary cells

Characterization of the Mechanism of Inhibin α-Subunit Gene in Mouse Anterior Pituitary Cells by RNA Interference

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