Inherited, Early Onset, Insulin-requiring Diabetes Mellitus of Keeshond Dogs

Kramer, John W.; Nottingham, S; Robinette, J. D.; Lenz, Gal; Sylvester, Steven R.; Dessouky, Mohamed I.

doi:10.2337/diab.29.7.558

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Regardless, the puppy seems to have had a distinct form of diabetes. Very early age of onset canine diabetes cases have been occasionally described, and are estimated to be about 1.5% of all diabetic cases [ 42 ]. Neonatal diabetes has been described in Labrador retrievers, which are closely related to Bernese mountain dogs [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Beta-Cell Deficiency in Pancreata of Dogs with Canine Diabetes

et al. 2015

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The pathophysiology of canine diabetes remains poorly understood, in part due to enigmatic clinical features and the lack of detailed histopathology studies. Canine diabetes, similar to human type 1 diabetes, is frequently associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at onset or after insulin omission. However, notable differences exist. Whereas human type 1 diabetes often occurs in children, canine diabetes is typically described in middle age to elderly dogs. Many competing theories have been proposed regarding the underlying cause of canine diabetes, from pancreatic atrophy to chronic pancreatitis to autoimmune mediated β-cell destruction. It remains unclear to what extent β-cell loss contributes to canine diabetes, as precise quantifications of islet morphometry have not been performed. We used high-throughput microscopy and automated image processing to characterize islet histology in a large collection of pancreata of diabetic dogs. Diabetic pancreata displayed a profound reduction in β-cells and islet endocrine cells. Unlike humans, canine non-diabetic islets are largely comprised of β-cells. Very few β-cells remained in islets of diabetic dogs, even in pancreata from new onset cases. Similarly, total islet endocrine cell number was sharply reduced in diabetic dogs. No compensatory proliferation or lymphocyte infiltration was detected. The majority of pancreata had no evidence of pancreatitis. Thus, canine diabetes is associated with extreme β-cell deficiency in both new and longstanding disease. The β-cell predominant composition of canine islets and the near-total absence of β-cells in new onset elderly diabetic dogs strongly implies that similar to human type 1 diabetes, β-cell loss underlies the pathophysiology of canine diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Beta-Cell Deficiency in Pancreata of Dogs with Canine Diabetes

et al. 2015

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“…Factors associated with diagnosis of the disease include signalment. DM is generally diagnosed in dogs between 5 and 12 years old (Guptill and others 2003, Davison and others 2005, Fall and others 2007), although rare cases of familial DM in juvenile dogs have been reported (Kramer 1981, Davison and others 2005). Females were at a greater risk of DM in some studies (Foster 1975, Doxey and others 1985, Guptill and others 2003, Fall and others 2007), although this finding was not observed in a UK study (Davison and others 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus in dogs attending first opinion practice in the UK

et al. 2014

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Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of canine diabetes mellitus (DM) in primarycare clinics in England, to identify risk factors associated with DM and to describe the survival of affected dogs.Methods: Cases of DM were identified within the electronic patient records of 89 small-animal practices. A nested case-control study identified risk factors for the diagnosis of DM using logistic regression models. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse variables associated with survival.Results: Four-hundred and thirty-nine canine DM cases were identified, giving an apparent prevalence of 0.34% (95% confidence interval 0.31 -0.37%). Neutered males were at an increased risk of diabetes compared to entire males, whereas neutering was not associated with DM in females. Compared with crossbred dogs, Yorkshire terriers had increased odds, whereas German shepherd dogs and golden retrievers had lower odds of DM. Being classified as overweight and having a diagnosis of pancreatitis, hyperadrenocorticism or a urinary tract infection were positively associated with DM. Older dogs and those diagnosed with pancreatitis had a higher hazard of death, whereas insured and neutered dogs had a lower hazard.Clinical significance: This study provides an objective assessment of canine DM using primary-care veterinary practice data and is a valuable benchmark against which future epidemiological trends in DM can be assessed and improvements in the management of DM in primary-care practice can be judged.

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2018

Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats

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Inherited, Early Onset, Insulin-requiring Diabetes Mellitus of Keeshond Dogs

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Extreme Beta-Cell Deficiency in Pancreata of Dogs with Canine Diabetes

Extreme Beta-Cell Deficiency in Pancreata of Dogs with Canine Diabetes

An epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus in dogs attending first opinion practice in the UK

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