Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

Ellis, C. Neal

doi:10.1055/s-2005-916276

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Using muon properties as listed above, one can calculate that the chance for colorectal cancer of a person with a dominant familial adenoma-type colon polyp syndrome (FAP) at age 30 is about 1-2X the chance that 1 out of 20 persons without an FAP mutation develops a sporadic colorectal cancer at age 60 (with represents a 5% estimated population risk for sporadic colorectal cancer). This relative risk is in line with population-related relative risks and the nearly 100% lifetime risk for persons with FAP at a median age of 39 (Ellis, 2005).…”

Section: Muons and Dna Damagesupporting

confidence: 81%

Muons, mutations, and planetary shielding

Groen

2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Life on earth is protected from astrophysical cosmic rays by the heliospheric magnetic and slowly varying geomagnetic fields, and by collisions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere. The collisions generate showers of particles of lesser energy; only muons, a charged particle with a mass between that of an electron and a proton, can reach earth’s surface in substantial quantities. Muons are easily detected, used to image interior spaces of pyramids, and known to limit the stability of qubits in quantum computing; yet, despite their charge, average energy of 4 GeV and ionizing properties, muons are not considered to affect chemical reactions or biology. In this Perspective the potential damaging effects of muons on DNA, and hence the repercussions for evolution and disease, are examined. It is argued here that the effect of muons on life through DNA mutations should be considered when investigating the protection provided by the magnetic environment and atmosphere from cosmic rays on earth and exoplanets.

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Section: Muons and Dna Damagesupporting

confidence: 81%

Muons, mutations, and planetary shielding

Groen

2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…Although there are multiple possible benign causes of rectal bleeding in the young population such as hemorrhoids or fissures, physicians need to be aware of early signs of malignancies or advanced adenomas in this population. 14,15 Delay in diagnosis is approximately 6 months and may affect disease stage and prognosis. 16 Younger patients <30 years of age were more likely to have recurrent disease and a trend toward worse survival as compared to those 30-40 years of age, likely because of higher percentages of poorly differentiated tumors, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion, which are known high risk factors of recurrence and worse survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization and Outcomes of Colorectal Malignancy in Patients ≤40 Years of Age: A Single-Center Experience

Melendez-Rosado

Castañeda

Strassmann

et al. 2022

The American Surgeon™

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Background Implementation of screening modalities has led to a decreased incidence of colorectal malignancies. Unfortunately, overall incidence has remained unchanged as cases have increased in patients below the suggested screening age. Therefore, we evaluated characteristics and oncological outcomes of malignancies in patients ≤40 years of age. Methods Single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of malignancies in patients ≤40 years evaluated in our institution between 2010 and 2016. Basic descriptors for demographic, clinical, histologic, and genetic data were collected. Disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were compared for patients between 30-40 years and <30 years. Results Fifty-six patients ≤40 years were identified, 44 of whom (96.5%) had adenocarcinomas. Most common malignancy location was the rectum (64.3%). Despite aggressive tumor characteristics such as moderate/poor differentiation (88.6%), lymphovascular invasion (26.8%), perineural invasion (21.4%), and advanced tumor stage T3/T4 (60.7%), OS rate was 94.6%. Both age groups had similar oncologic characteristics. There was a trend toward worse OS (2/11 and 1/45, P = .06) but not for DFS (7/11 and 15/43, P = .18) in patients <30 years of age compared to 30-40 years. There were no differences in OS (3/44 vs 0/88, P = .44) or DFS (17/42 vs 3/8, P = .80) between sporadic vs non-sporadic malignancies, respectively. Conclusions Patients ≤40 years of age with malignancy have advanced tumor stages and aggressive tumor characteristics at diagnosis. Although there is higher OS risk for patients <30 compared to those aged 30-40 years, no differences were found for DFS between these two groups.

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“…Patients with FAP develop multiple benign colorectal polyps progressing to colorectal carcinoma. The lifetime risk of colorectal malignancy in patients with FAP is approaching 100% [ 2 ]. Sporadic forms of CRC have also been firmly linked to mutations in the APC gene, with up to 75% of sporadic tumors in CRC patients presenting somatic mutations in APC [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Select Dietary Emulsifiers Exacerbates the Development of Spontaneous Intestinal Adenoma

Viennois

Chassaing

2021

IJMS

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Inflammation is a well-characterized critical driver of gastrointestinal cancers. Previous findings have shown that intestinal low-grade inflammation can be promoted by the consumption of select dietary emulsifiers, ubiquitous component of processed foods which alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Using a model of colitis-associated cancer, we previously reported that consumption of the dietary emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80 exacerbated colonic tumor development. Here, we investigate the impact of dietary emulsifiers consumption on cancer initiation and progression in a genetical model of intestinal adenomas. In APCmin mice, we observed that dietary emulsifiers consumption enhanced small-intestine tumor development in a way that appeared to be independent of chronic intestinal inflammation but rather associated with emulsifiers’ impact on the proliferative status of the intestinal epithelium as well as on intestinal microbiota composition in both male and female mice. Overall, our findings further support the hypothesis that emulsifier consumption may be a new modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and that alterations in host–microbiota interactions can favor gastrointestinal carcinogenesis in individuals with a genetical predisposition to such disorders.

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Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

Cited by 5 publications

References 129 publications

Muons, mutations, and planetary shielding

Muons, mutations, and planetary shielding

The Characterization and Outcomes of Colorectal Malignancy in Patients ≤40 Years of Age: A Single-Center Experience

Consumption of Select Dietary Emulsifiers Exacerbates the Development of Spontaneous Intestinal Adenoma

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