Inheritance of shell pigmentation in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Xu, Chengxun; Li, Qi; Yu, Hong; Liu, Shikai; Kong, Lingfeng; Chong, Jindou

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734249

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Indeed, selective breeding strategies by inheritance lead to the production of oyster shells of the desired colours [38][39][40][41][42] . Recently, a locus devoted to shell purple pigmentation has been highlighted in C. gigas, which again attests to the endogenous origin of this pigmentation 43 . Biosynthesized according to specific metabolic pathways, the translation of the associated genes may subsequently be affected by exogenous factors such as salinity, temperature, sun or diet 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical evidence of rare porphyrins in purple shells of Crassostrea gigas oyster

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Boury

et al. 2020

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The colour of oyster shells is a very diverse characteristic morphotype, forming intriguing vivid patterns both on the inside and outside of the shell. In the present study, we have identified for the first time, the presence of several porphyrins as constituents of the shell pigmentation of the Crassostrea gigas oyster consumed worldwide. The precise molecular structures of halochromic, fluorescent and acid-soluble porphyrins, such as uroporphyrin and turacin, are unambiguously determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. their presence account for the purple colouration of shells but also for the dark colouration of adductor muscle scars. We have also defined the endogenous origin of these porphyrins, specifically secreted or accumulated by the shell forming tissue. These findings are pioneering analytical proofs of the existence of the haem pathway in the edible oyster Crassostrea gigas, evidenced by the chemical identification of haem side-products and supported by the recent publication of the corresponding oyster genome. Shells are the armour of many molluscs. Their diversities of shape, ornamentation and colour have always attracted humans throughout the ages. In bivalves, related to the requirements of the pearl farming industry, shell morphotypes and colours of pearl oysters (e.g. Pinctada margaritifera) have been extensively studied compared to their edible cousins (e.g. Crassostrea gigas) 1. Prized by gourmets, the aesthetic appeal of shellfish as a gastronomic showcase is arousing growing interest. However, the accumulation of wasted shells becomes a real environmental problem, predominantly in oyster farming or tourist areas 1. At a time when sustainable and intelligent uses of renewable aquatic resources are needed, the transformation of this calcareous by-product into a value-added material is a relevant challenge to be taken up. While the use or transformation of calcium carbonate or its organic matrix is the first-line source for recycling edible oyster shell, its colouration is still unwell understood and therefore little valued 1. Despite the functional roles of shell colours in camouflage, thermoregulation or immunity, the molecular mechanisms related to shell colouration remain poorly documented 2. This gap of knowledge is partly due to the lack of elucidation of the chemical nature of shell pigments, particularly in the Crassostrea genus. By combining the identification of shell pigments with corresponding biosynthetic pathways and associated genes, key information on the relation between shell colouration, mineralization or other molecular mechanisms can be obtained as previously reported in marine snails 3. Therefore, the identification of shell pigments appears to be a possible gateway to the recovery of natural dyes from wasted oyster shells for a broad range of applications in health or material science, helping to contribute to a sustainable future for shellfish farming industry 1. In the Pteriomorphia group, including edible and pe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical evidence of rare porphyrins in purple shells of Crassostrea gigas oyster

Bonnard

Cantel

Boury

et al. 2020

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“…2), which is consistent with the pronounced phenotypic difference between NS and any of other three. Shells in NS family show pigmentation strip, while the shells in other three families represent solid pigmentation distribution 16 . The pigmentation strip is generally black or a mixture of black and other colors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ related to the pigmentation processes have mainly focused on mRNAs, little information is available on the roles of miRNAs in shell pigmentation 15 . The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is a widely distributed mariculture shellfish species, ranking first in production among all aquatic animals in the world 16 . Through successive family selection and breeding, four shell color strains of C. gigas (white, WS; golden, GS; black, BS and partially pigmented, NS) have been developed to improve the commercial values.…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in Crassostrea gigas to reveal functional miRNA and miRNA-targets regulating shell pigmentation

Feng

et al. 2020

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate post-transcription gene expression by targeting genes and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes involving body color formation. However, miRNAs and miRNA-targets underlying shell color polymorphism remain largely unknown in mollusca. Using four shell colors full-sib families of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, we systematically identified miRNAs and miRNA-targets in the mantles, which organ could produce white, golden, black or partially pigmented shell. RNA sequencing and analysis identified a total of 53 known miRNA and 91 novel miRNAs, 47 of which were detected to differentially express among six pairwise groups. By integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, a total of 870 genes were predicted as targets of differentially expressed miRNAs, mainly involving in biomineralization and pigmentation through functional enrichment. Furthermore, a total of four miRNAs and their target mRNAs were predicted to involve in synthesis of melanin, carotenoid or tetrapyrrole. Of them, lgi-miR-317 and its targets peroxidase and lncRNA TCONS_00951105 are implicated in acting as the competing endogenous RNA to regulate melanogenesis. Our studies revealed the systematic characterization of miRNAs profiles expressed in oyster mantle, which might facilitate understanding the intricate molecular regulation of shell color polymorphism and provide new insights into breeding research in oyster.

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“…Shell color of marine mollusks, an obvious and marked genetic-based phenotypic trait, has been proven to be closely related to production traits (Cong et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016). Therefore, shell color has been widely applied in the selective breeding project of economic shellfish, such as oysters (Xu et al, 2019;Han et al, 2020), mussels (Innes and Leslie, 1977;Li et al, 2014), scallops (Petersen et al, 2012;Ding et al, 2015), clams (Zhang et al, 2018;Nie et al, 2020), and abalones (Liu et al, 2007;Hoang et al, 2017). To reveal the mechanism of shell color formation, several investigations have been conducted and found multiple factors, ranging from environmental factors to inner genetic factors, contributing to the higher variability of shell color in mollusks (Underwood and Creese, 1976;Kraeuter et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, a one-locusthree-allele model was proposed to elucidate the distribution of four different color variants, and the brown shell color is controlled by a recessive allele distinct from the other colors (Zheng et al, 2013). Investigation in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, demonstrated that shell pigmentation is controlled by two genetic loci, with one responsible for the secretion of pigments and the other responsible for the distribution mode of pigmentation (Xu et al, 2019). Furthermore, transcriptomes and digital gene expression analysis of four different color clams, Meretrix meretrix, suggested that several potential genes and the Notch pathway played a crucial role in its shell color patterning (Yue et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes Associated With Shell Color in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians irradians

et al. 2021

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Molluscan shell color has consistently drawn attention for its abundant diversity and commercial use in shellfish breeding projects. Recently, two new strains of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) with different shell colors as marked phenotypic traits have been artificially bred to improve their economic values; however, the inheritance mechanism of their shell pigmentation is still unclear. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to determine the genetic basis of shell color in bay scallops utilizing 29,036 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from 80 purple-red (PP) and 80 black-brown (BP) shell color individuals. The result of the GWAS showed that 469 SNPs (p <1.72E−6) significantly associated with shell color were mainly distributed in chromosome 7. The top three SNPs (i.e., chr7-12764003, chr7-13213864, and chr7-11899306) are located in the genic region of G-protein-coupled receptor-like 101 (GRL101), polyketide synthase 1 (PKS1), and phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC1), which have been widely reported to be involved in pigmentation. Successfully, the top three SNPs were verified in another non-breeding bay scallop population. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses obtained 38 GO terms covering 297 genes and aggregating pathways involving 252 annotated genes. Specifically, the expression profiles of the top three identified candidate genes were detected in mantles of PP and BP individuals by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The significantly higher expression levels of GRL101 (6.43-fold) and PLC1 (6.48-fold) in PP, and PKS1 (12.02-fold) in BP implied that GRL101 and PLC1 potentially functioned in PP shell coloration, and black pigmentation in BP might be principally regulated by PKS1. Our data provide valuable information for deciphering the phenotype differences of shell color in the bay scallop.

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Inheritance of shell pigmentation in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Chemical evidence of rare porphyrins in purple shells of Crassostrea gigas oyster

Chemical evidence of rare porphyrins in purple shells of Crassostrea gigas oyster

Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in Crassostrea gigas to reveal functional miRNA and miRNA-targets regulating shell pigmentation

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes Associated With Shell Color in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians irradians

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