Inheritance of Sex in the Grape

Valleau, W. D.

doi:10.1086/279565

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…vinifera and wild: subspec. sylvestris) all three kinds of flowers have been described (Hedrick and Anthony 1915;Valleau 1916), though the genetic basis is largely unknown. An understanding of the genetic determinants, however, will permit a comparison of the different mechanisms throughout various plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in Vitis

et al. 2012

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Wild Vitis species are dioecious plants, while the cultivated counterpart, Vitis vinifera subspec. vinifera, generally shows hermaphroditic flowers. In Vitis the genetic determinants of flower sex have previously been mapped to a region on chromosome 2. In a combined strategy of map-based cloning and the use of the publicly available grapevine reference genome sequence, the structure of the grapevine flower sex locus has been elucidated with the subsequent identification of candidate genes which might be involved in the development of the different flower sex types. In a fine mapping approach, the sex locus in grapevine was narrowed down using a population derived from a cross of a genotype with a Vitis vinifera background ('Schiava Grossa' × 'Riesling') with the male rootstock cv. 'Börner' (V. riparia × V. cinerea). A physical map of 143 kb was established from BAC clones spanning the 0.5 cM region defined by the closest flanking recombination break points. Sequencing and gene annotation of the entire region revealed several candidate genes with a potential impact on flower sex formation. One of the presumed candidate genes, an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, was analysed in more detail. The results led to the development of a marker for the presence or absence of the female alleles, while the male and hermaphroditic alleles are still to be differentiated. The impact of other candidate genes is discussed, especially with regard to plant hormone actions. The markers developed will permit the selection of female breeding lines which do not require laborious emasculation thus considerably simplifying grapevine breeding. The genetic finger prints displayed that our cultivated grapevines frequently carry a female allele while homozygous hermaphrodites are rare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in Vitis

et al. 2012

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“…Shull (4) suggested in the case of Lychnis the use of the symbol FF to represent a female and FM to represent a male, as he determined that the females were homozygous for the sex determiners whereas the males were heterozygous. Similar symbols have been found appropriate in interpreting the sex condition in the grape (5). It will be apparent from the following discussion that these symbols will not apply in the case of the strawberry, since the females are apparently heterozygous for the female and male determiners and the males homozygous.…”

Section: Flower Types In the Strawberrymentioning

confidence: 74%

“…We must assume that the various sex conditions which appear have been derived originally from an hermaphroditic condition in which the determiners for the two sexes are linked in each of a pair of chromosomes. The various sex types which appear in either the grape or the strawberry, or, in fact, in any of the flowering plants which are dioecious and show a variety of sex types intermediate between staminate and pistillate, we assume to have been derived by suppression, either partial or complete, of one of the determiners for sex in the sex chromosomes, leaving the other factor functional (5). It can hardly be assumed that one or the other sex determiner is ever completely eliminated, since abortive organs, either stamens or pistils, are often present in flowers of the opposite sex in supposedly strictly dioecious forms, and occasionally even perfect reproductive organs of the opposite sex are found in such "strictly" dioecious forms as Acer Negundo.…”

Section: The Sex Determinersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inheritance of Flower Types and Fertility in the Strawberry

Valleau¹

1923

American J of Botany

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In a study of sterility in the strawberry begun by the writer in 1914, a portion of the work was directed toward determining the underlying factors causing "nubbins" or imperfectly developed berries. These are commonly produced from the tertiary and later flowers of the inflorescence of many cultivated varieties of strawberry and result in considerable loss of fruit toward the close of the picking season.A study of the fruiting habit of the wild American strawberries mid of the cultivated varieties proves conclusively that the production of nubbins is directly related to pistil sterility, and that pistil sterility is decidedly more prevalent on plants with certain flower types than on others (7). Therefore, since the question of fruitfulness in the strawberry is primarily one of sex, a thorough knowledge of the flower types and of their inheritance is essential to the strawberry breeder if his work is to be other than blind crossing and selecting for chance high-yielding clones.The work on the inheritance of flower types in the strawberry has been discontinued by the writer, but, as some facts have been determined, he presents the data obtained and the conclusions drawn from them. FLOWER TYPES IN THE STRAWBERRYIn the cultivated strawberry, pistillate and perfect flowers are commonly encountered. The pistillate flowers bear small abortive stamens which have never been observed by the writer to produce pollen. The pistils are generally very fertile, producing perfect fruits from most of'the flowers and comparatively few nubbins. The perfect-flowered varieties develop anthers which produce varying amounts of normal pollen. As a class, these varieties are less fertile than the pistillate varieties and produce a higher percentage of nubbins and of sterile or male flowers (7).The wild species of American strawberries may be divided into two types: those which bear only perfect flowers, as Fragaria americana, and those which are dioecious. The pistils of the former species are very fertile, and nubbins or sterile flowers are seldom seen. The dioecious types produce pistillate plants and plants which apparently are hermaphrodites but are in fact staminates. The pistils of the pistillate clones are usually fertile, but the pistils of the staminate clones are rarely so, and the few berries

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“…He found an almost complete series of flowers intergrading from male to female, and explains this intergradation by a doctrine of varying potency for sex in germ cells. Valleau (1916), however, working with the grape, which has male, female. and hermaphroditic plants, concluded that sex is Mendelian and that there are suppressors of the factors for maleness and femaleness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Sex in Certain Seed Plants

Bressman

1934

American J of Botany

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Inheritance of Sex in the Grape

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in Vitis

Candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in Vitis

The Inheritance of Flower Types and Fertility in the Strawberry

Inheritance of Sex in Certain Seed Plants

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