Inheritance of Resistance to Crown Gall in <i>Pisum sativum</i>

Robbs, Steven L.; Hawes, Martha C.; Lin, Heshan; Pueppke, Steven G.; Smith, L. Y.

doi:10.1104/pp.95.1.52

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This was accomplished by expressing 1744 bp of rcpme1 antisense or sense mRNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in hairy roots and then examining the morphology of the root tip during development. Pea is highly susceptible to transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Hawes et al, 1989;Robbs et al, 1991), and border cell development and expression of reporter genes in hairy roots are indistinguishable from that which occurs in whole plants (Nicoll et al, 1995). The expression of uidA , the Escherichia coli gene encoding ␤ -glucuronidase, was used as a reporter gene to characterize the spatial and temporal pattern of expression of the CaMV 35S promoter in pea hairy roots.…”

Section: Expression Of ␤ -Glucuronidase In Root Caps Of Pea Hairy Roomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pectin Methylesterase Gene Expression on Pea Root Development

1999

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Expression of an inducible gene with sequences common to genes encoding pectin methylesterase (PME) was found to be tightly correlated, both spatially and temporally, with border cell separation in pea root caps. Partial inhibition of the gene's expression by antisense mRNA in transgenic pea hairy roots prevented the normal separation of root border cells from the root tip into the external environment. This phenotype was correlated with an increase in extracellular pH, reduced root elongation, and altered cellular morphology. The translation product of the gene exhibited PME activity in vitro. These results are consistent with the long-standing hypothesis that the demethylation of pectin by PME plays a key role in cell wall metabolism. INTRODUCTIONBetween the plant cytoplasm and its external environment lies a complex carbohydrate-based cell wall, which is a dynamic interface that participates directly in cellular responses to exogenous stimuli (reviewed in Albersheim et al., 1994; de Lorenzo et al., 1994). In addition to a direct role in perceiving and responding to incoming signals, the cell wall is a repository of oligosaccharides whose activity can alter the metabolism of the plant cell it encloses as well as that of other organisms that find their way into proximity with the cell. These sugar-based signal molecules are released from cell wall polymers by the action of enzymes that can come from fungi, bacteria, or other organisms in the environment, or from the plant itself. The role of specific plant cell walldegrading enzymes in cell wall metabolism during growth and development remains unclear (reviewed in Carpita et al., 1996).Plant enzymes that degrade pectin, or methylated polygalacturonic acid, are of special interest because this polymer is a major constituent of cell walls and because such pectolytic enzymes can solubilize cell walls (Collmer and Keen, 1986;Koutojansky, 1987). For example, genes encoding certain polygalacturonases (PGs) or pectate lyases (PLs) individually allow soft rot pathogens to macerate potato tuber tissue and to infect plants systemically (Collmer and Keen, 1986). Pectin methylesterase (PME), although it does not by itself solubilize cell walls, has been postulated to regulate cell wall degradation by several mechanisms (e.g., Goldberg et al., 1992). The action of PME reduces pH by the release of a proton when methoxyl groups of pectin are converted to carboxyl groups. This change in pH has been proposed to control the activity of other cell wall-degrading enzymes that are optimally active at low pH and thereby to facilitate cell expansion and growth ) and/or cell separation (Koutojansky, 1987).Demethylation by PME can alter sensitivity of polymers to the action of hydrolases (e.g., Fischer and Bennett, 1991;Liu and Berry, 1991) and expansins (Carpita et al., 1996). Small pectic fragments released by the action of such hydrolases act as signals to induce expression of other pectolytic enzymes, and the degree of methylation of such fragments, dictated by PME activity, ...

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Section: Expression Of ␤ -Glucuronidase In Root Caps Of Pea Hairy Roomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pectin Methylesterase Gene Expression on Pea Root Development

1999

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“…Under these conditions, little or no correlation between gene induction and host range was observed. A very small increase in the expression of A. tumefaciens virE was detected in response to border cells from pea, the roots of which are highly susceptible to infection by A. tumefaciens (Robbs et al, 1991 A similar increase in expression occurred in response to border cells from corn, a nonhost species. Inducing activity was not significantly different between the two plant species (Fig.…”

Section: Species-dependent Variation In Lnduction Of Reporter Cene Exmentioning

confidence: 53%

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

1997

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Reporter strains of soil-borne bacteria were used to test the hypothesis that chemicals released by root border cells can influente the expression of bacterial genes required for the establishment of plant-microbe associations. Promoters from genes known to be activated by plant factors included vir€, required for Agrobacferium fumefaciens pathogenesis, and common nod genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae and Rhizobium melilofi, required for nodulation of pea (Pisum sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago safivum), respectively. Also included was phzB, an autoinducible gene encoding the biosynthesis of antibiotics by Pseudomonas aureofaciens. The vir€ and nod genes were activated to different degrees, depending on the source of border cells, whereas phzB activity remained unaffected. The homologous interaction between R. leguminosarum bv viciae and its host, pea, was examined in

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“…Naturally occurring variation in susceptibility to Agrobacterium inoculation has been described in cucurbits (20), pea (16), soybean (14), grapevine (24), and interspecific hybrids ofNicotiana (1 1). In grapevine, resistance to crown gall disease seems to be inherited as a single gene, but in the other species differences in susceptibility are not inherited in a simple fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone-Resistant Mutants of Arabidopsis Have an Attenuated Response to Agrobacterium Strains

Lincoln¹,

Turner²,

Estelle³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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We have examined the response of the hormone-resistant mutants axrl and axr2 of Arabidopsis thaliana to inoculation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Our results indicate that recessive mutations in the axrl gene affect the frequency of tumor formation after inoculation with either Agrobacterium strain. In addition, tumors produced on axrl plants were smaller than those growing on wild-type plants. These results indicate that the product of the AXR1 gene is important for both crown gall and hairy root tumor formation. In contrast, the dominant axr2 mutation has a more severe effect on the development of crown gall tumors than on hairy root tumors. Crown gall tumors produced on axr2 plants had a different morphology than wild-type tumors and did not grow when they were removed from the explant. In contrast, a large number of hairy root tumors were produced on wild-type and axr2 plants, and both types of tumors grew when they were removed from the explant. Like the roots of axr2 plants, roots produced on axr2 explants lacked root hairs.

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Inheritance of Resistance to Crown Gall in Pisum sativum

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Pectin Methylesterase Gene Expression on Pea Root Development

Effect of Pectin Methylesterase Gene Expression on Pea Root Development

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

Hormone-Resistant Mutants of Arabidopsis Have an Attenuated Response to Agrobacterium Strains

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