Inheritance of Alcohol Abuse

Cloninger, C. Robert; Bohman, Michael; Sigvardsson, Sören

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780330019001

Cited by 1,656 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Research is needed to explore these possibilities by incorporating independent measures of the contribution of such personality factors to performance on decision-making tasks (e.g., as they relate to choices of less favorable task contingencies) and their association with abuse of different substances. In short, altered cognition associated with chronic drug abuse is likely to reflect the interaction of a range of influences including genetic factors relating to pre-morbid personality and behavior (Cloninger et al 1981;Cloninger 1987;Linnoila et al 1989) as well as transient and enduring changes in neuromodulation.…”

Section: Decision Making and Chronic Administration Of Amphetamine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable Deficits in the Decision-Making Cognition of Chronic Amphetamine Abusers, Opiate Abusers, Patients with Focal Damage to Prefrontal Cortex, and Tryptophan-Depleted Normal Volunteers Evidence for Monoaminergic Mechanisms

Rogers

Everitt

Baldacchino³

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

995

758

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Section: Decision Making and Chronic Administration Of Amphetamine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable Deficits in the Decision-Making Cognition of Chronic Amphetamine Abusers, Opiate Abusers, Patients with Focal Damage to Prefrontal Cortex, and Tryptophan-Depleted Normal Volunteers Evidence for Monoaminergic Mechanisms

Rogers

Everitt

Baldacchino³

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

995

758

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“…In total, 87 subjects were excluded from the final analysis for the following reasons: incomplete clinical information (n ¼ 17), met criteria for dependence on a drug in addition to alcohol (n ¼ 47), could not be successfully genotyped (n ¼ 8), sample contaminated (n ¼ 1), sample not genotyped (n ¼ 14). The final alcoholdependent group consisted of 389 subjects (108 female, 281 male), most of whom were also subtyped into type 1 (late onset) and type 2 (early onset) alcoholism using revised criteria (Cloninger et al, 1981;Hallman et al, 1996). Individuals with major psychotic disorders were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Patients and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While early genetic studies of alcoholism focused on archival and phenotypic data (eg Cloninger et al, 1981;Kaij, 1957), recent advances in molecular genetics have permitted a hypothesis-driven evaluation of specific genes, which animal and molecular studies have demonstrated are altered by alcohol. Examples of this latter approach include the study of genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of alcohol (eg alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase); genes hypothesized to be associated with behaviors linked to an increased risk of alcoholism (eg impulsivity and tryptophan hydroxylase); and genes encoding or modulating the transcription of proteins involved in the reinforcing effects of alcohol (eg neurotransmitters).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Attributable Risk Related to a Functional μ-Opioid Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Association with Alcohol Dependence in Central Sweden

Bart

Kreek

Ott

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

197

130

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The m-opioid receptor (MOR), through its effects on reward and stress-responsivity, modulates alcohol intake in both animal and human laboratory studies. We have previously demonstrated that the frequently occurring A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 1 of the MORgene (OPRM1), which encodes an amino-acid substitution, is functional and receptors encoded by the variant 118G allele bind the endogenous opioid peptide b-endorphin with three-fold greater affinity than prototype receptors. Other groups subsequently reported that this variant alters stress-responsivity in normal volunteers and also increases the therapeutic response to naltrexone (a m-preferring opioid antagonist) in the treatment of alcohol dependence. We compared frequencies of genotypes containing an 118G allele in 389 alcohol-dependent individuals and 170 population-based controls without drug or alcohol abuse or dependence. The A118G SNP was present in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with an overall frequency of the 118G allele of 10.9%. There was a significant overall association between genotypes with an 118G allele and alcohol dependence (p ¼ 0.0074). The attributable risk for alcohol dependence in subjects with an 118G allele was 11.1%. There was no difference in A118G genotype between type 1 and type 2 alcoholics. In central Sweden, the functional variant 118G allele in exon 1 of OPRM1 is associated with an increased attributable risk for alcohol dependence.

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“…Alcoolistas do Tipo 2 tenderiam mais à busca de novidades, à impulsividade e a apresentarem ansiedade somática e características antissociais e a terem na indução de euforia forte motivação para o beber. Alcoolismo grave e criminalidade do pai biológico seriam fatores relevantes nesse subtipo 25 . Ressalta-se que os subprogramas terapêuticos aos quais os pacientes foram encaminhados não se associaram ao tempo de adesão ao tratamento em cada subgrupo, tampouco foram estatisticamente significantes na diferenciação dos subgrupos aqui identificados, sugerindo que o PADQ teria similarmente atendido às necessidades desses subgrupos de pacientes.…”

Section: Análise Bivariadaunclassified

Análise de Cluster e Análise Heurística na construção de uma tipologia de alcoolistas

Ribeiro

Ferreira

2014

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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rESUMo objetivos: Desenvolver e avaliar uma tipologia binária de alcoolistas. Métodos: Analisados registros de 329 alcoolistas acompanhados em estudo prospectivo e observacional. Análi-se de Correspondência foi aplicada para selecionar o menor número de variáveis capazes de representar a máxima variabilidade dos sujeitos; Análise de Cluster para identificar dois subtipos; e Análise Heurística para organizar as variáveis selecionadas em grupos de sentido. Análises Bivariadas foram utilizadas para testar possíveis associações com 51 variáveis demográficas ou clinicamente relevantes. resultados: A Análise de Correspondência selecionou 20 variáveis, posteriormente categorizadas em três grupos de sentidos por meio de Análise Heurística: "comportamentos", "crenças" e "sentimentos". Os pacientes do subgrupo 1 possuem perfil de maior gravidade clínica, psicopatológica e social. Sentimentos e crenças identificados se associaram a variáveis de consumo e recaída e os comportamentos com repercussão social. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo permitem supor que a tipologia aqui apresentada possa contribuir para o tratamento desses subtipos de alcoolistas identificados por meio de estratégias teórico-práticas adaptadas às necessidades desses sujeitos. aBStraCt objectives: To develop and to describe a binary typology of alcoholics. Methods: Data derived from 329 patients followed in an observational study. Correspondence Analysis was applied to identify the least number of variables capable of representing the maximum variability of the subjects; Cluster Analysis was performed to identify two subgroups; and Heuristic Analysis performed with the objective of organizing the variables into groups of meaning. Bivariate Analyses were used to test possible associations of Clusters to 51 variables -demographic or of clinical relevance. results: Correspondence Analysis derived 20 variables, afterwards categorized into three groups of meaning through Heuristic Analysis: "behaviors", "beliefs" and "feelings". The results indicate that subgroup 1 patients present a more severe clinical, psychopathological and social profile. Identified feelings and beliefs were associated to drinking and relapsing variables, and behaviors to social repercussions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the typology here presented may contribute to the treatment of these alcoholics subtypes by means of therapeutic strategies adapted to the identified characteristics of each subgroup of patients.

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Inheritance of Alcohol Abuse

Cited by 1,656 publications

References 21 publications

Dissociable Deficits in the Decision-Making Cognition of Chronic Amphetamine Abusers, Opiate Abusers, Patients with Focal Damage to Prefrontal Cortex, and Tryptophan-Depleted Normal Volunteers Evidence for Monoaminergic Mechanisms

Dissociable Deficits in the Decision-Making Cognition of Chronic Amphetamine Abusers, Opiate Abusers, Patients with Focal Damage to Prefrontal Cortex, and Tryptophan-Depleted Normal Volunteers Evidence for Monoaminergic Mechanisms

Increased Attributable Risk Related to a Functional μ-Opioid Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Association with Alcohol Dependence in Central Sweden

Análise de Cluster e Análise Heurística na construção de uma tipologia de alcoolistas

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