Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

Carpentieri-Pípolo, Valéria; Almeida, Leones Alves de; Kiihl, Romeu Afonso de Souza

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572002000400016

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Although G. soja is a SD plant and shows the indeterminate stem growth habit, the adaptation of soybean to various climates and environments has resulted in different maturity types (Fukui and Arai 1951;Fukui 1963;Shanmugasundaram 1981), two types of stem growth habit (Bernard 1972;Tian et al 2010), and a long juvenile period trait under SD conditions in low latitude regions (Neumaier and James 1993;Carpentieri-Pípolo et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T from Arabidopsis thaliana induces precocious flowering in soybean irrespective of maturity group and stem growth habit

Yamagishi

Yoshikawa

2010

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The flowering integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis thaliana is conserved between diverse plant species and is thought to be the flowering signal ''florigen'', a universal long-distance mobile signal. In soybean, two FT homologs having a function to induce flowering in Arabidopsis have been identified. In this study, we showed that the expression of FT from Arabidopsis by the Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vector promoted precocious flowering and terminated vegetative growth in a wide range of genotypes of soybean, without using a short-day treatment. Four determinate and two indeterminate cultivars, infected with ALSV expressing FT (FT-ALSV), set flower buds on shoot apices and terminated vegetative growth at the fourth- to seventh-node stages under long-day conditions. In contrast, non-infected, healthy plants did not set flower buds on shoot apices at the same stage under the same conditions. After flowering, soybean cultivars infected with FT-ALSV, belonging to different maturity groups and stem growth habits, matured and produced seeds. The results suggest that the basic flowering pathway controlled by FT in A. thaliana might also be conserved in soybean. A system for precocious flowering and shortening of generation time using FT-ALSV would be a useful and novel technology for efficient soybean breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T from Arabidopsis thaliana induces precocious flowering in soybean irrespective of maturity group and stem growth habit

Yamagishi

Yoshikawa

2010

Planta

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“…On the other hand, soybean cultivars adapted to equatorial regions possess a trait that suppresses the photoperiod response in seedling stages, enabling a longer juvenile period (Sinclair and Hinson, 1992;Tomkins and Shipe, 1996). One or two recessive genes are known to control the "long juvenile period" trait (Ray et al, 1995;Carpentieri-Pípolo et al, 2002), which enables the plant to retain sufficient vegetative growth until flowering under SD conditions. The genetic diversity in flowering-related loci, therefore, may contribute to the wide adaptability of soybean to diverse environmental conditions.…”

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Two Coordinately Regulated Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T Are Involved in the Control of Photoperiodic Flowering in Soybean

et al. 2010

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FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key flowering integrator in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), with homologs that encode florigens in many plant species regardless of the type of photoperiodic response. We identified 10 FT homologs, which were arranged as five pairs of linked genes in different homoeologous chromosomal regions, in soybean (Glycine max), a paleopolyploid species. Two of the FT homologs, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, were highly up-regulated under short-day (SD) conditions (inductive for flowering in soybean) and had diurnal expression patterns with the highest expression 4 h after dawn. Under long-day (LD) conditions, expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a was down-regulated and did not follow a diurnal pattern. Flowering took much longer to initiate under LD than under SD, and only the GmFT5a transcript accumulated late in development under LD. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis confirmed that both GmFT2a and GmFT5a had the same function as Arabidopsis FT, but the effect of GmFT5a was more prominent. A double-mutant soybean line for two PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) genes expressed high levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a under LD, and it flowered slightly earlier under LD than the wild type grown under SD. The expression levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a were regulated by the PHYAmediated photoperiodic regulation system, and the GmFT5a expression was also regulated by a photoperiod-independent system in LD. Taken together, our results suggest that GmFT2a and GmFT5a coordinately control flowering and enable the adaptation of soybean to a wide range of photoperiodic environments.

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“…The J allele, conferring the long-juvenile (LJ) trait, has been reported as a dominant allele for early flowering (Ray et al, 1995). Carpentieri-Pípolo et al (2000) reported that three genes govern the LJ trait and although they did not analyze allelism they did find that recessive alleles are required for the LJ trait, implying that all dominant alleles lead to early-flowering. It is still unclear, however, if the Fukuyutaka and Himeshirazu cultivars have the LJ trait or not and it is also uncertain whether the three genes conferring LJ influence flowering time or not under a non-LJ genetic background.…”

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Quantitative trait loci mapping of pubescence density and flowering time of insect-resistant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

et al. 2007

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Analysis of antibiosis resistance to common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has progressed significantly, but the immediate cause remains unknown. We performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of pubescence density and plant development stage because these factors are assumed to be the immediate cause of resistance to cutworm. The QTLs for pubescence appeared to be identical to the previously detected the Pd1 and Ps loci controlling pubescence density. We found no candidate loci for flowering time QTLs, although one could be identical to the gene governing the long-juvenile trait or to the E6 loci controlling maturity. None of the QTLs overlapped with the QTLs for antibiosis resistance. To reduce damage to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants caused by herbivorous insects, especially the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (CCW), breeding programs to develop pest-resistant soybean cultivars have been conducted in Japan. We reported that the soybean cultivar Himeshirazu exhibits effective antibiosis resistance to S. litura (Komatsu et al., 2004). We genetically analyzed this resistance using DNA markers and recognized two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for antibiosis resistance to S. litura located on G. max linkage group M which we named CCW-1 and CCW-2 and which explain 28% and 16%, respectively, of phenotypic variance of antibiosis (Komatsu et al., 2005).The genetics of the resistance has been studied (Komatsu et al., 2005) but its immediate cause remains unknown, although pubescence density is a possible factor. Lambert et al. (1992) reported that pupal weight and duration from hatching till pupation of the corn (maize) earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) were affected by pubescence density when near-isogenic soybean lines differing only in pubescence density were used as diet. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the resistance of the Himeshirazu soybean cultivar to S. litura and pubescence density for better identification of the mechanisms of resistance to S. litura.The plant development stage is also a possible factor in resistance. Nault et al. (1992) reported that mortality of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) was lower in larvae reared on soybean at the plant reproductive phase than in larvae reared at the vegetative phase. Within the vegetative phase, plant age affected the growth rate of P. includens larvae (Reynolds and Smith, 1985). The Himeshirazu cultivar matures late (maturity group VIII), later than susceptible, mid-maturity cultivars. This later development could contribute to antibiosis resistance, but this would be difficult to determine because it is difficult to synchronize the development stage of all the materials needed for the bioassay. On the other hand, the late maturity of the Himeshirazu cultivar could be an obstacle for the development of elite pestresistant cultivars, because it is too late for the cultivation program followed in Japan. If late maturity confers resistance, it migh...

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Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T from Arabidopsis thaliana induces precocious flowering in soybean irrespective of maturity group and stem growth habit

Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T from Arabidopsis thaliana induces precocious flowering in soybean irrespective of maturity group and stem growth habit

Two Coordinately Regulated Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T Are Involved in the Control of Photoperiodic Flowering in Soybean

Quantitative trait loci mapping of pubescence density and flowering time of insect-resistant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

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