Inheritance and reproductive consequences of floral anthocyanin deficiency in<i>Silene dioica (</i>Caryophyllaceae<i>)</i>

Rahmé, Joelle; Suter, Léonie; Widmer, Alex; Karrenberg, Sophie

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400136

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For comparison, we generated independent crosses within each species (SD, S. dioica and SL, S. latifolia , three families each) and reciprocal F 1 crosses (F 1D , SD female × SL male; F 1L , SL female × SD male, three families each) from parental individuals of the same and two additional populations of each species (Figure ; Figure , Table ). The populations used here were included in earlier studies on reproductive barriers (Favre & Karrenberg, ; Favre et al., ; Page et al., ; Rahmé et al., ; Section 1). 714 and 725 individuals of the F 2 crosses and 150–174 individuals (42–64 individuals per family) of the within‐species and F 1 crosses were cultivated outside in 13 × 13 × 13 cm pots with a 1:2 mixture of sand and planting soil in the Botanical Garden, Uppsala, Sweden (59.850°N, 17.628°E).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for assortative mating comes from pollen analogue transfer analyses in mixed arrays where transfers within species were three times more frequent than between species (Goulson & Jerrim, 1997). Experiments with recombinant hybrids between the two species (Page et al, 2014), with rare white-flowered mutants of S. dioica (Rahm e, Suter, Widmer, & Karrenberg, 2014) and with scent addition (Waelti et al, 2008) suggest that flower colour and floral scent mediate assortative mating. The higher flower number in S. latifolia, particularly in male plants, could further contribute to assortative mating as the S. latifolia associated Hadena bicruris strongly prefers larger floral displays (Shykoff & Bucheli, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic architecture of traits associated with reproductive barriers in Silene: Coupling, sex chromosomes and variation

Liu

Karrenberg

2018

Molecular Ecology

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The evolution of reproductive barriers and their underlying genetic architecture is of central importance for the formation of new species. Reproductive barriers can be controlled either by few large-effect loci suggesting strong selection on key traits, or by many small-effect loci, consistent with gradual divergence or with selection on polygenic or multiple traits. Genetic coupling between reproductive barrier loci further promotes divergence, particularly divergence with ongoing gene flow. In this study, we investigated the genetic architectures of ten morphological, phenological and life history traits associated with reproductive barriers between the hybridizing sister species Silene dioica and S. latifolia; both are dioecious with XY-sex determination. We used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in two reciprocal F crosses. One to six QTLs per trait, including nine major QTLs (PVE > 20%), were detected on 11 of the 12 linkage groups. We found strong evidence for coupling of QTLs for uncorrelated traits and for an important role of sex chromosomes in the genetic architectures of reproductive barrier traits. Unexpectedly, QTLs detected in the two F crosses differed largely, despite limited phenotypic differences between them and sufficient statistical power. The widely dispersed genetic architectures of traits associated with reproductive barriers suggest gradual divergence or multifarious selection. Coupling of the underlying QTLs likely promoted divergence with gene flow in this system. The low congruence of QTLs between the two crosses further points to variable and possibly redundant genetic architectures of traits associated with reproductive barriers, with important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of divergence and speciation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic architecture of traits associated with reproductive barriers in Silene: Coupling, sex chromosomes and variation

Liu

Karrenberg

2018

Molecular Ecology

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“…Comparable studies of seeds derived from population-level variation in anthocyanin and UV tolerance are scarce (but see Wolfe, 1993 andRahmé et al, 2014). In a study with Silene, lighterflowering morphs were due to recessive alleles that did not seem to impact reproduction (Rahmé et al, 2014). More commonly, studies are experimental tests of UV exposure on maternal fitness and seed quality.…”

Section: Overall Maternal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, dark-derived seed attributes indicate that anthocyanin content could have a role in reproductive fitness through maternal effects during seed development and early life history. Comparable studies of seeds derived from population-level variation in anthocyanin and UV tolerance are scarce (but see Wolfe, 1993 andRahmé et al, 2014). In a study with Silene, lighterflowering morphs were due to recessive alleles that did not seem to impact reproduction (Rahmé et al, 2014).…”

Section: Overall Maternal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal flower color, ultraviolet protection, and germination in Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae)

et al. 2022

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Transgenerational interactions between flower color, seed quality, and seedling performance have rarely been investigated. The ecological model, Ipomopsis aggregata, is a great candidate for examining the maternal effects of flower color because it is a mostly scarlet‐flowering plant which shows color polymorphism within natural populations. Anthocyanin, the red flavonoid pigment which gives these flowers color, has been shown to act as an ultraviolet (UV) protectant by shielding chloroplasts and acting as an antioxidant. This study was conducted on scarlet‐ and fuchsia‐flowering maternal plants and their seeds from natural populations in Colorado. Dark‐flowering (scarlet) maternal plants from these populations had consistently higher foliar anthocyanin content, photosystem efficiency, and chlorophyll content than light‐flowering (fuchsia) plants over a 3‐year period in the field. Seeds from a subset of these maternal plants were counted, weighed, and germinated in a growth chamber. Photosystem efficiency, vegetative anthocyanin content, chlorophyll content, and biomass were measured on germinated seedlings after the germination census was completed. Dark‐flowering maternal plants yielded seeds and seedlings with higher biomass than light‐flowering ones. Seeds from dark‐flowering maternal plants also germinated faster than those from light‐flowering maternal plants and seedlings had higher vegetative anthocyanin content. The hereditary nature of anthocyanin content thus suggests that higher anthocyanin levels (both floral and vegetative) are potentially linked to measures of fitness such as increased seed weight, germination rate, and seedling biomass. These data suggest that UV protection provided by anthocyanins potentially increases the realized fitness of maternal plants, thereby influencing life history.

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“…In principle, the fluorescent tracer dye emits signals when illuminated by a UV-light source, which can be detected optically or perceived visually. Thus, the method allows the detection of animal interactions (e.g., flower visits of pollinators [13][14][15]) or tracking movements indirectly, e.g., by following tracks until full signal decay [7,[16][17][18][19]. However, manually searching for fluorescent powder in the field, such as residues on flowers using UV radiation flashlights, is very labor-intensive and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognize the Little Ones: UAS-Based In-Situ Fluorescent Tracer Detection

Teickner

Lehmann

Guth

et al. 2019

Drones

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In ecological research, a key interest is to explore movement patterns of individual organisms across different spatial scales as one driver of biotic interactions. While various methods exist to detect and record the presence and movements of individuals in combination with UAS, addressing these for smaller animals, such as insects, is challenging and often fails to reveal information on potential interactions. Here, we address this gap by combining the UAS-based detection of small tracers of fluorescent dyes by means of a simple experiment under field conditions for the first time. We (1) excited fluorescent tracers utilizing an UV radiation source and recorded images with an UAS, (2) conducted a semi-automated selection of training and test samples to (3) train a simple SVM classifier, allowing (4) the classification of the recorded images and (5) the automated identification of individual traces. The tracer detection success significantly decreased with increasing altitude, increasing distance from the UV radiation signal center, and decreasing size of the fluorescent traces, including significant interactions amongst these factors. As a first proof-of-principle, our approach has the potential to be broadly applicable in ecological research, particularly in insect monitoring.

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Inheritance and reproductive consequences of floral anthocyanin deficiency inSilene dioica (Caryophyllaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Genetic architecture of traits associated with reproductive barriers in Silene: Coupling, sex chromosomes and variation

Genetic architecture of traits associated with reproductive barriers in Silene: Coupling, sex chromosomes and variation

Maternal flower color, ultraviolet protection, and germination in Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae)

Recognize the Little Ones: UAS-Based In-Situ Fluorescent Tracer Detection

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