Inheritance and Frequencies of Leaf Markings in White Clover

Carnahan, H. L.; Hill, Helen D.; Hanson, A. A.; Brown, K

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106536

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…MP2 was a cross between genotypes ‘20161.21’, a derivative of a bi-parental cross of a genotype from ‘Grasslands Pitau’ and an experimental line, and ‘21125.DC’, a derivative of germplasm sourced in the former Soviet Union. Parent 20161.21 carries the Red Fleck allele at the Rf locus [25,69,70], whereas 21125.DC does not exhibit any red flecking. Plants were grown in pots, from which unexpanded trifoliate leaf tissue was harvested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated genetic linkage map for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with alignment to Medicago

et al. 2013

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BackgroundWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a temperate forage legume with an allotetraploid genome (2n=4×=32) estimated at 1093 Mb. Several linkage maps of various sizes, marker sources and completeness are available, however, no integrated map and marker set has explored consistency of linkage analysis among unrelated mapping populations. Such integrative analysis requires tools for homoeologue matching among populations. Development of these tools provides for a consistent framework map of the white clover genome, and facilitates in silico alignment with the model forage legume, Medicago truncatula.ResultsThis is the first report of integration of independent linkage maps in white clover, and adds to the literature on methyl filtered GeneThresher®-derived microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers for linkage mapping. Gene-targeted SSR markers were discovered in a GeneThresher® (TrGT) methyl-filtered database of 364,539 sequences, which yielded 15,647 SSR arrays. Primers were designed for 4,038 arrays and of these, 465 TrGT-SSR markers were used for parental consensus genetic linkage analysis in an F1 mapping population (MP2). This was merged with an EST-SSR consensus genetic map of an independent population (MP1), using markers to match homoeologues and develop a multi-population integrated map of the white clover genome. This integrated map (IM) includes 1109 loci based on 804 SSRs over 1274 cM, covering 97% of the genome at a moderate density of one locus per 1.2 cM. Eighteen candidate genes and one morphological marker were also placed on the IM. Despite being derived from disparate populations and marker sources, the component maps and the derived IM had consistent representations of the white clover genome for marker order and genetic length. In silico analysis at an E-value threshold of 1e-20 revealed substantial co-linearity with the Medicago truncatula genome, and indicates a translocation between T. repens groups 2 and 6 relative to M. truncatula.ConclusionsThis integrated genetic linkage analysis provides a consistent and comprehensive linkage analysis of the white clover genome, with alignment to a model forage legume. Associated marker locus information, particularly the homoeologue-specific markers, offers a new resource for forage legume research to enable genetic analysis and improvement of this forage and grassland species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated genetic linkage map for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with alignment to Medicago

et al. 2013

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“…Molecular genetic markers have been applied to the genetic dissection of vegetative morphogenesis and reproductive developmental characters in white clover (Cogan et al 2006;Barrett et al 2005), augmenting an historically limited number of morphophysiological markers (Carnahan et al 1955;Daday 1954). The potential to closely and consistently correlate these markers with key traits will be very useful for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of white clover (Woodfield and Brummer 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) detected by SSR polymorphisms

George¹,

Dobrowolski²,

Jong³

et al. 2006

Genome

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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an important temperate pasture legume that plays a key role as a companion to grass species, such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Due to the outbreeding nature of white clover, cultivars are highly heterogeneous. Genetic diversity was assessed using 16 elite cultivars from Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Fifteen simple sequence repeat markers that detect single, codominant polymorphic genetic loci were selected for the study. The genetic relationships among individuals were compared using phenetic clustering, and those among cultivars were compared using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Intrapopula tion variability exceeded interpopulation variability, with substantial overlap among populations and weak interpopula tion differentiation. No obvious or significant differentiation was observed on the basis of morphology or geographic origin of the cultivars. The number of parental genotypes used to derive each cultivar was not a major determinant of genome-wide genetic diversity. The outcomes of this assessment of genetic variation in elite white clover germplasm pools have important implications for the feasibility of molecular marker-based cultivar discrimination, and will be used to assist the design of linkage disequilibrium mapping strategies for marker-trait association.

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“…Despite the complication of mating system and polyploidy, studies of the S (selfincompatibility) (Atwood 1940), Ac and Li (cyanogenesis) (Atwood and Sullivan 1943), R (red leaf) (Corkill 1971) and V (leaf mark) (Carnahan et al 1955) loci in white clover are benchmarks in single-locus genetic analysis of legumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microsatellite map of white clover

et al. 2004

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The white clover ( Trifolium repens) nuclear genome (n = 2x = 16) is an important yet under-characterised genetic environment. We have developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers for the white clover genome by mining an expressed sequence tag (EST) database and by isolation from enriched genomic libraries. A total of 2,086 EST-derived SSRs (EST-SSRs) were identified among 26,480 database accessions. Evaluation of 792 EST-SSR primer pairs resulted in 566 usable EST-SSRs. Of these, 335 polymorphic EST-SSRs, used in concert with 30 genomic SSRs, detected 493 loci in the white clover genome using 92 F1 progeny from a pair cross between two highly heterozygous genotypes--364/7 and 6525/5. Map length, as estimated using the joinmap algorithm, was 1,144 cM and spanned all 16 homologues. The R (red leaf) locus was mapped to linkage group B1 and is tightly linked to the microsatellite locus prs318c. The eight homoeologous pairs of linkage groups within the white clover genome were identified using 96 homoeologous loci. Segregation distortion was detected in four areas (groups A1, D1, D2 and H2). Marker locus density varied among and within linkage groups. This is the first time EST-SSRs have been used to build a whole-genome functional map and to describe subgenome organisation in an allopolyploid species, and T. repens is the only Trifolieae species to date to be mapped exclusively with SSRs. This gene-based microsatellite map will enable the resolution of quantitative traits into Mendelian characters, the characterisation of syntenic relationships with other genomes and acceleration of white clover improvement programmes.

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Inheritance and Frequencies of Leaf Markings in White Clover

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

An integrated genetic linkage map for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with alignment to Medicago

An integrated genetic linkage map for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with alignment to Medicago

Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) detected by SSR polymorphisms

A microsatellite map of white clover

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