Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Resistance to Cry3Bb1 Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Ingber, David A.; Gassmann, Aaron J.

doi:10.1093/jee/tov199

Cited by 44 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Modeling indicates that the spatial scale over which resistance evolves depends in large part on the interplay between insect dispersal rate and the availability of refuge habitat in the landscape [60]. Multiple lines of evidence make it clear that D. v. virgifera resistance to various Bt toxins is evolving quickly and independently in local hotspots across a wide area [20,34,35]. Nevertheless, post-mating dispersal of D. v. virgifera can be extensive [36], and spatial spread from hotspots seems inevitable Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, dispersal seems to be mostly local, but with capacity for long-distance flights [37], causing uncertainty in whether regional variation in insecticide resistance is the result of independent evolution or spread [38]; most likely both processes are involved.…”

Section: Spread Of Resistance During Species Invasion or Range Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

Miller

Sappington

2017

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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Gene flow via immigration affects rate of evolution of resistance to a pest management tactic, while emigration from a resistant population can spread resistance alleles spatially. Whether resistance detected across the landscape reflects ongoing de novo evolution in different hotspots or spread from a single focal population can determine the most effective mitigation strategy. Pest dispersal dynamics determine the spatio-temporal scale at which mitigation tactics must be applied to contain or reverse resistance in an area. Independent evolution of resistance in different populations appears common but not universal. Conversely, spatial spread appears to be almost inevitable. However, rate and scale of spread depends largely on dispersal dynamics and interplay with factors such as fitness costs, spatially variable selection pressure and whether resistance alleles are spreading through an established population or being carried by populations colonizing new territory. Disciplines Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Entomology | Genetics CommentsThis article is published as Miller, Nicholas J. and Thomas W. Sappington. "Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread." Current opinion in insect science 21 (2017): 68-74.

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Section: Spread Of Resistance During Species Invasion or Range Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

Miller

Sappington

2017

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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“…Competition costs only impair the spread of the resistance allele when the population exceeds a threshold density beyond which resistant insects fail to compete and decline. Such a cost is more reflective of the weaker fitness costs reported in field‐evolved resistance to Bt crops (Jakka, Knight & Jurat‐Fuentes 2014; Dangal & Huang 2015; Ingber & Gassmann 2015). Competition costs were insufficient to delay the evolution of resistance under constant selection (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent efforts to categorize and quantify fitness costs associated with field‐evolved resistance to Bt crops have reported variable results (Jakka, Knight & Jurat‐Fuentes 2014; Dangal & Huang 2015; García et al . 2015; Ingber & Gassmann 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type of fitness cost influences the rate of evolution of resistance to transgenic Bt crops

Hackett

Bonsall

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary The evolution of resistance to pesticides by insect pests is a significant challenge for sustainable agriculture. For transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), crystalline (Cry) toxins resistance evolution may be delayed by the high‐dose/refuge strategy in which a non‐toxic refuge is planted to promote the survival of susceptible insects. The high‐dose/refuge strategy may interact with fitness costs associated with resistance alleles to further delay resistance. However, while a diverse range of fitness costs are reported in the field, they are typically represented as a fixed reduction in survival or viability which is insensitive to ecological conditions such as competition. Furthermore, the potential dynamic consequences of restricting susceptible insects to a refuge which represents only a fraction of the available space have rarely been considered.We present a generalized discrete time model which utilizes dynamic programming methods to derive the optimal management decisions for the control of a theoretical insect pest population exposed to Bt crops. We consider three genotypes (susceptible homozygotes, resistant homozygotes and heterozygotes) and implement fitness costs of resistance to Bt toxins as either a decrease in the relative competitive ability of resistant insects or as a penalty on fecundity. Model analysis is repeated and contrasted for two types of density dependence: uniform density dependence which operates equally across the landscape and heterogeneous density dependence where the intensity of competition scales inversely with patch size and is determined separately for the refuge and Bt crop.When the planting of Bt is decided optimally, fitness costs to fecundity allow for the planting of larger areas of Bt crops than equivalent fitness costs that reduce the competitive ability of resistant insects.Heterogeneous competition only influenced model predictions when the proportional area of Bt planted in each season was decided optimally and resistance was not recessive. Synthesis and applications. The high‐dose/refuge strategy alone is insufficient to preserve susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops in the long term when constraints upon the evolution of resistance are not insurmountable. Fitness costs may enhance the delaying effect of the refuge, but the extent to which they do so depends upon how the cost is realized biologically. Fitness costs which apply independently of other variables may be more beneficial to resistance management than costs which are only visible to selection under a limited range of ecological conditions.

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“…This shortfall in available data can be partly attributed to the success of the high-dose/refuge strategy; if instances of field-evolved resistance are rare, so studies of field-evolved resistance to Bt crops are similarly sparse. Recent efforts to categorize and quantify fitness costs associated with field-evolved resistance to Bt crops have reported variable results (Jakka, Knight & JuratFuentes 2014;Dangal & Huang 2015;Garc ıa et al 2015;Ingber & Gassmann 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type of fitness cost influences the rate of evolution of resistance to transgenic Bt crops

Hackett¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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Summary1. The evolution of resistance to pesticides by insect pests is a significant challenge for sustainable agriculture. For transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), crystalline (Cry) toxins resistance evolution may be delayed by the high-dose/refuge strategy in which a non-toxic refuge is planted to promote the survival of susceptible insects. The high-dose/refuge strategy may interact with fitness costs associated with resistance alleles to further delay resistance. However, while a diverse range of fitness costs are reported in the field, they are typically represented as a fixed reduction in survival or viability which is insensitive to ecological conditions such as competition. Furthermore, the potential dynamic consequences of restricting susceptible insects to a refuge which represents only a fraction of the available space have rarely been considered. 2. We present a generalized discrete time model which utilizes dynamic programming methods to derive the optimal management decisions for the control of a theoretical insect pest population exposed to Bt crops. We consider three genotypes (susceptible homozygotes, resistant homozygotes and heterozygotes) and implement fitness costs of resistance to Bt toxins as either a decrease in the relative competitive ability of resistant insects or as a penalty on fecundity. Model analysis is repeated and contrasted for two types of density dependence: uniform density dependence which operates equally across the landscape and heterogeneous density dependence where the intensity of competition scales inversely with patch size and is determined separately for the refuge and Bt crop. 3. When the planting of Bt is decided optimally, fitness costs to fecundity allow for the planting of larger areas of Bt crops than equivalent fitness costs that reduce the competitive ability of resistant insects. 4. Heterogeneous competition only influenced model predictions when the proportional area of Bt planted in each season was decided optimally and resistance was not recessive. 5. Synthesis and applications. The high-dose/refuge strategy alone is insufficient to preserve susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops in the long term when constraints upon the evolution of resistance are not insurmountable. Fitness costs may enhance the delaying effect of the refuge, but the extent to which they do so depends upon how the cost is realized biologically. Fitness costs which apply independently of other variables may be more beneficial to resistance management than costs which are only visible to selection under a limited range of ecological conditions.

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Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Resistance to Cry3Bb1 Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

Type of fitness cost influences the rate of evolution of resistance to transgenic Bt crops

Type of fitness cost influences the rate of evolution of resistance to transgenic Bt crops

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