Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences

Lambers, Hans; Poorter, Hendrik

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60148-8

Cited by 1,125 publications

(777 citation statements)

References 276 publications

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“…These examples all come from situations in which productivity is low and selection favors storage, and suggest that it is possible for organs largely dedicated to storage and that are thus not metabolically highly demanding, to survive with relatively low leaf areas. These examples also suggest that these highly water‐storing plants likely have stem tissues of relatively low metabolic rate, a prediction consistent with the few data available, which show that woods with greater storage capacity are less metabolically active (e.g., Lambers, Scheurwater, Mata, & Nagel, 1998). These departures all are in the direction of less rather than more leaf area for a given stem size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The mutual metabolic balance between stems and leaves, with stems having a much wider envelope of possible metabolic rates than leaves do with regard to their lower limits, would thus explain why the “too little” leaf area space is occupiable, albeit sparsely, whereas the “too much” leaf area is apparently not accessible, even, as in the case of the domestic poinsettia, under conditions of selection that would reasonably be expected to favor greater leaf area. The readily testable prediction that emerges from our results is therefore that metabolic rate should vary markedly in stems across species (being especially low in water‐storing pachycauls with reduced leaf area; see, e.g., Poorter, Remkes, & Lambers, 1990; Poorter & Remkes, 1990; Lambers et al., 1998) but much less in leaves across plant functional types, from conventional plants to xerophytes with reduced leaf area and stems given over to storage (cf. Jin, Dai, Sun, & Sun, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nearly 200 years of sustained selection have not overcome the leaf area–stem size relationship in the poinsettia

Trejo

Rosell

Olson

2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Organismal parts often covary in their proportions, a phenomenon known as allometry. One way of exploring the causes of widespread allometric patterns is with artificial selection, to test whether or not it is possible to move populations into “empty” allometric space not occupied by the wild type. Domesticated organisms have been subject to many generations of selection, making them ideal model systems. We used the domesticated Christmas poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima in combination with wild populations to examine the origin of the proportionality between leaf area and stem size, which scales predictably across nearly all plants. In accordance with the stated aims of breeders to produce more compact plants, we predicted that domesticated poinsettias would have greater leaf area for a given stem volume than the tall, lanky wild ancestors. Our data rejected this prediction, showing instead that domesticates have leaf area–stem volume relationships identical to the wild ancestors. Presumably the metabolic dependence between stems and leaves makes the leaf area–stem volume relationship difficult to overcome. The relative fixity of this relationship leads to predictable covariation in other traits: The fuller outlines of domestic poinsettias involve significantly shorter internodes, and given a constant leaf area–stem volume relationship, smaller individual leaf areas. At the same time, domestic poinsettias are subject to selection favoring breakage resistance, which is achieved via thicker stems for a given length rather than stiffer stem tissue resistance to bending. Our results show that domesticated poinsettias differ from wild plants in a suite of traits including leaf size, internode distances, and stem length–diameter relations, but despite over 200 years of selection favoring rounded outlines, there has been no change in the total leaf area–stem volume relationship, helping to predict which changes are likely achievable and which will not be under continued artificial selection and in the wild.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearly 200 years of sustained selection have not overcome the leaf area–stem size relationship in the poinsettia

Trejo

Rosell

Olson

2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…In fact, low NARs were also observed for all species in response to shade. However, according to Lambers & Poorter (1992), RGR can vary not only as a function of NAR (its physiological component) but also as a function of LAR (its morphological component). For plants grown in the FS and NS treatments, we found a significant correlation between RGR and NAR, but no correlation between RGR and LAR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling growth of fifteen Brazilian tropical tree species differing in successional status

Souza

Válio

2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Seedling growth of fifteen Brazilian tropical tree species differing in successional status). Growth of seedlings of fifteen tropical tree species representative, at the adult stage, of different successional positions, was studied under field conditions. Seedlings were grown in three treatments: full sun (FS), artificial shade imposed by neutral screens (AS) and natural shade imposed by a closed canopy in a Forest Reserve in Southeast Brazil (NS). Most of the studied species survived in both shade treatments, although their growth was severely affected. Decreases in height, internode numbers, dry weight, leaf area, root:shoot ratio (R:S) and increases in leaf mass ratio (LMR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were common responses to shade. Relative growth rates (RGRs) and net assimilation rates (NARs) were consistently lower in the shaded treatments than in full sun. RGR was significantly correlated with NAR in the FS and NS treatments, whereas it was correlated with LAR in the AS treatment. Natural shade had more severe effects than artificial shade on leaf area reduction and RGR. Between-species differences in R:S, LMR, SLA and LAR were not related to the successional status of species. However, there was a tendency for early-successional species to have higher RGRs than late successional ones, regardless of the light environment. Late-successional species also showed less pronounced responses to shade than early ones. The characteristics presented by the late-successional species may be associated with shade tolerance, enabling their persistence under dense canopies.Key words -Seedling growth, shade, shade tolerance, successional species, tropical tree species RESUMO -(Crescimento de plântulas de quinze espécies árboreas tropicais pertencentes a diferentes estádios sucesionais). O crescimento de plântulas de quinze espécies arbóreas tropicais pertencentes a diferentes estádios sucessionais foi estudado sob condições de campo. As plântulas foram cultivadas sob tratamentos de radiação plena, sombreamento artificial proporcionado por telas sombrite e sombreamento natural imposto por dossel vegetal na Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra em Campinas, SP, Brasil. A maioria das espécies estudadas sobreviveu aos tratamentos de sombreamento, com marcantes alterações no crescimento. Reduções de altura, número de entrenós, massa seca, área foliar e razão raiz/parte aérea (R/PA) foram respostas freqüentes ao sombreamento, assim como também aumentos da razão de massa foliar (RMF), razão de área foliar (RAF) e área foliar específica (AFE). As taxas de crescimento relativo (TCRs) e as taxas de assimilação líquida (TALs) apresentaram-se consistentemente mais baixas nos tratamentos de sombreamento. TCR se mostrou significativamente correlacionada com TAL nos tratamentos de radiação plena e sombreamento natural e com RAF no tratamento de sombreamento artificial. O sombreamento natural teve efeitos mais severos na redução da área foliar e da TCR. As diferenças inter-específicas nos parâmetros R/PA,...

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“…Estes parâmetros são relativamente sensíveis às mudanças ambientais, embora os incrementos na RAF sejam mais conseqüências do incremento da AFE do que da RMF, já que os valores da AFE são mais sensíveis às alterações da irradiância (Lambers & Poorter 1992). Segundo Meziane & Shipley (1999), o grau das diferenças na taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) dentre as espécies, mesmo cultivadas em idênticas condições ambientais, é o que influencia a dinâmica e a estrutura de uma comunidade vegetal.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Alguns autores consideram que há pouca ou nenhuma relação entre TCR e TAL e sugerem que as variações da TCR ocorram principalmente pelas diferenças na AFE (Lambers & Poorter 1992).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Crescimento, eficiência fotossintética e eficiência do uso da água em quatro espécies de leguminosas arbóreas tropicais

Pinzón-Torres

Schiavinato

2008

Hoehnea

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-(Growth, photosynthetic and water use efficiency in four tropical tree legume species of). The series of studies covering variables of growth and photosynthetic parameters helps to clarify the relationship between individuals of a plant community. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic and water use efficiency in four legume trees in a period of three months under conditions of a greenhouse. It was observed that Myroxylon peruiferum showed higher values for the rate of relative growth, the ratio of leaf area and the mass leaf and greater leaf specific area, compared with the other three species. But, this species did not presente the highest photosynthetic rate, as consequence of increased investment in leaf area. All species, except Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus showed the same efficiency in the use of water. Although M. peruiferum does not fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobia, it seems to be an efficient species to use the nitrogen available in the soil for the production of biomass. Key words: Centrolobium tomentosum, Inga vera, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus, Myroxylon peruiferumRESUMO -(Crescimento, eficiência fotossintética e eficiência do uso da água em quatro espécies de leguminosas arbóreas tropicais). O conjunto de estudos que abrangem variáveis de crescimento e parâmetros fotossintéticos ajuda a esclarecer as relações entre os indivíduos de uma comunidade vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, a eficiência fotossintética e a eficiência no uso da água em quatro leguminosas arbóreas, durante três meses, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Foi observado que Myroxylon peruiferum apresentou os maiores valores quanto à taxa de crescimento relativo, razão de área foliar e de massa foliar e maior área foliar específica, quando comparada com as outras três espécies. Porém, não apresentou a maior taxa fotossintética, como consequência do maior investimento em área foliar. Todas as espécies, exceto Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus apresentaram a mesma eficiência do uso da água. Embora M. peruiferum não fixe nitrogênio atmosférico por meio de simbiose com rizóbios, se observou que é uma espécie eficiente para aproveitar o nitrogênio disponível no solo para a produção de biomassa. IntroduçãoNa composição e estrutura das florestas tropicais, as leguminosas apresentam uma alta diversidade de gêneros e espécies (Moreira et al. 1992). Não obstante, estas espécies devem se adaptar morfológica e fisiologicamente às diversas condições ambientais para determinar a sua competitividade dentro da comunidade vegetal.As adaptações morfológicas variam segundo a alocação da biomassa, que pode se manifestar pelo incremento em massa, volume, comprimento ou área das diferentes estruturas da planta, o que é avaliado como crescimento (Gloser & Gloser 1996).Quanto às adaptações fisiológicas, Hall et al. (1993) mencionam que existem quatro fatores relacionados à fotossíntese que influenciam no incremento da biomassa: (i) a quantidade de luz incidente, que é det...

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Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences

Cited by 1,125 publications

References 276 publications

Nearly 200 years of sustained selection have not overcome the leaf area–stem size relationship in the poinsettia

Nearly 200 years of sustained selection have not overcome the leaf area–stem size relationship in the poinsettia

Seedling growth of fifteen Brazilian tropical tree species differing in successional status

Crescimento, eficiência fotossintética e eficiência do uso da água em quatro espécies de leguminosas arbóreas tropicais

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