Inhaled smoke volume, puffing indices and carbon monoxide uptake in asymptomatic cigarette smokers

Woodman, George; Newman, S P; Pavia, D; Clarke, S W

doi:10.1042/cs0710421

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As noted in the sources of error for retention estimation, estimates based on differences are ideally avoided, but the direct measurement of MS has been described as “difficult/impossible to measure” (Baker et al, 2004). Woodman et al (1986) were able to estimate an “individual inhaled smoke percentage” ranging from 46% to 85% for nine subjects using a radioisotope technique. This converts to a range of MS of 15–54%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Charles¹,

McAughey

Shepperd

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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Methodologies have been developed, described and demonstrated that convert mouth exposure estimates of cigarette smoke constituents to dose by accounting for smoke spilled from the mouth prior to inhalation (mouth-spill (MS)) and the respiratory retention (RR) during the inhalation cycle. The methodologies are applicable to just about any chemical compound in cigarette smoke that can be measured analytically and can be used with ambulatory population studies. Conversion of exposure to dose improves the relevancy for risk assessment paradigms. Except for urinary nicotine plus metabolites, biomarkers generally do not provide quantitative exposure or dose estimates. In addition, many smoke constituents have no reliable biomarkers. We describe methods to estimate the RR of chemical compounds in smoke based on their vapor pressure (VP) and to estimate the MS for a given subject. Data from two clinical studies were used to demonstrate dose estimation for 13 compounds, of which only 3 have urinary biomarkers. Compounds with VP > 10−5 Pa generally have RRs of 88% or greater, which do not vary appreciably with inhalation volume (IV). Compounds with VP < 10−7 Pa generally have RRs dependent on IV and lung exposure time. For MS, mean subject values from both studies were slightly greater than 30%. For constituents with urinary biomarkers, correlations with the calculated dose were significantly improved over correlations with mouth exposure. Of toxicological importance is that the dose correlations provide an estimate of the metabolic conversion of a constituent to its respective biomarker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Charles¹,

McAughey

Shepperd

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…The CReSSmicro device has been used globally to record the puffing topography of smokers in various studies on, for example, quantification of mouth level exposure and validity for clinical use (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Since the 1970s, many studies have measured the inhalation patterns of smokers using cigarettes of differing "tar" and nicotine yields (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), as reviewed by BERNSTEIN (19) and ST. CHARLES et al (20). Among various methods such as impedance pneumography, mercury strain gauge, transthoracic impedance and inhalation index, the majority of studies have used respiratory inductive plethysmography -a technique that measures inhalation patterns noninvasively, including post-puff inhalation volume and duration, exhalation volume and duration, and tidal volume.…”

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterisation of a Smoking Behaviour Measurement System

Vas

Yurteri

Dickens³

et al. 2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Respiratory deposition from smoking articles is influenced by particle or droplet properties (such as diameter), puffing parameters (such as draw effort or pressure drop, flow rate, duration), mouth losses, and post-puff inhalation dynamics (determined by inhalation depth, volume and breath hold duration). The Smoking Behaviour System (SBS) described herein is a novel system with regard to its capability to measure flow and duration characteristics of typical smoking cycles, which may consist of puffing, mouth hold, post-puff inhalation, breath hold and exhalation. It combines two analysers: the first measures the puffing topography and optical obscuration from puffed aerosol, while the second measures the respiratory topography and optical obscuration from exhaled aerosol. The puffing and respiratory analysers were calibrated and operated between flow rates of 0-7 L.min !1 and 0-50 L.min !1 , respectively, as typically encountered during the human smoking cycle. The volumes measured by the puffing and respiratory analysers met the design specification and tolerance limits of ± 2% and ± 5%, respectively. The optical obscuration measurements showed no statistical difference among the three units tested or in day-to-day variation, verifying the robustness of the SBS for use in optical measurements of smoke when combined with topography measurements. In conclusion, the SBS is a validated technology that provides a means to measure the real-time flow and duration profile of puffing, mouth hold, post-puff inhalation, breath hold and exhalation topography, thereby capturing the complete smoking cycle at a 25-Hz resolution. Furthermore, the SBS is distinguished from typical puff or respiratory profilers by providing real-time puffed and exhaled optical obscuration measurement of the aerosol, and thus an indirect quantification of "tar" from puffed cigarette smoke and exhaled smoke. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 219-231]

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Separate effects of cigarette smoke yield and smoke taste on smoking behavior

Nil

Bättig

1989

Psychopharmacology

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The purpose of this experiment was to compare independently the influence of different cigarette smoke taste categories and different machine standard smoke yield values on cigarette smoking behavior and related subjective measures. In six separate sessions 15 regular smokers were presented with a medium and a low smoke yield cigarette of each of the three taste categories, mentholated, dark (Gauloises) and blond (Muratti) tobacco. Each session included a "natural" and a "forced" smoking procedure of one cigarette type only. Forced smoking consisted of smoking 30 puffs whereby a new half-length cigarette was presented after every third puff. During the seventh session, habitual brand cigarettes were smoked as a reference. The sessions followed in weekly intervals, and the subjects became familiar with the test cigarettes during the last 5 days preceding each test session. Although general acceptability of the cigarettes, smoking satisfaction and pleasantness of taste were clearly lower for all test cigarettes as opposed to the habitual brand reference cigarettes, these measures remained unaffected by taste or smoke yield of the test cigarettes. Harshness of smoke was higher in the dark tobacco category and generally decreased with the lower smoke yield cigarettes. Independent effects of taste and smoke yield were obtained for total puff volume, inhalation time and CO absorption, suggesting a compensatory intensification of smoking behavior for low yield cigarettes and an independent increase of smoking intensity from mentholated to dark tobacco to blond tobacco. The results suggest therefore that factors which affect cigarette smoke taste have effects on smoking behavior which are separate from those obtained by comparing smoke yields.

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Inhaled smoke volume, puffing indices and carbon monoxide uptake in asymptomatic cigarette smokers

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Development and Characterisation of a Smoking Behaviour Measurement System

Separate effects of cigarette smoke yield and smoke taste on smoking behavior

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