Inhaled insulin: overview of a novel route of insulin administration

Mastrandrea, Lucy D.

doi:10.2147/vhrm.s6098

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Delivery of insulin through pulmonary route, i.e., by oral inhalation has become an alternative to the conventional subcutaneous injection for the management of diabetes as lungs provide a large surface area and large blood supply. Inhaled insulin was first investigated by Gänsslen in 1925 by using a nebulizer system, the effect on blood glucose was noted bioavailability was low and limitations of the device made the route impractical [30,31].…”

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several companies as listed in Table 1 have worked to develop inhaled insulin systems for diabetic patients over the last two decades. Inhaled insulin bioavailability for each of the devices varies in the range of 10% to 46% since much of the drug is lost within the device or due to deposition in the upper airways [31].…”

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unit doses are equivalent to 3 units and 8 units of subcutaneously delivered short-acting insulin, respectively, and are delivered by a mechanical inhaler which depends on patient's inspiratory flow rate. Pfizer withdrew Exubera® from the market due to poor sales and acceptance in October 2007 [30,31].…”

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhaled particles are less dense as compared to other systems but have large particle size of about 5 to 30 µm and delivered to the alveolar space efficiently. Eli Lily are not pursuing development of this product even though this system has been through extensive phase III clinical trial [31].…”

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) [32]. It uses the Technosphere platform Shetty and Srinivasan technology [29,31]. Afrezza consists of a dry powder formulation of human insulin delivered from MedTone® inhaler to help patients achieve blood sugar control as the powder is aerosolized and delivered to the lung.…”

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements in Dry Powder Inhaler

Ganga¹,

Shetty²

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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The dry powder inhaler (DPI) has become widely known as a very attractive platform for drug delivery. DPIs are being used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by many patients. There are over 20 devices presently in the DPI market. DPIs are preferred over nebulizers and pressurized metered dose inhalers. However, some of the challenges of DPI are dependence on inspiratory flow (unsuitable for young children, elderly people), systemic absorption due to deposition of drug in deep lung (unsuitable for local diseases treatment), and increase in upper airway deposition of a large fraction of coarse particles. Hence, there is a need to address these unmet issues. The interpatient variation can be minimized by developing devices independent of patient's inspiratory flow rate or active based powder mechanism. This article reviews DPI devices currently available, advantages of newly developed devices, and formulation technologies. The platform technologies are developed to improve aerosolization and dispersion from the device and decrease the patient related factors. The DPI delivery system has been expanded to treatment of non-respiratory diseases such as migraine and diabetes. The development of innovative DPI device and formulation technologies for delivering therapeutic proteins such as insulin has been accelerated to overcome the problems associated with conventional insulin therapy.

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Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhaled Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements in Dry Powder Inhaler

Ganga¹,

Shetty²

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Capturing the Onset of Bacterial Pulmonary Infection in Acini‐On‐Chips

et al. 2019

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Bacterial invasion of the respiratory system leads to complex immune responses. In the deep alveolar regions, the first line of defense includes foremost the alveolar epithelium, the surfactant‐rich liquid lining, and alveolar macrophages. Typical in vitro models come short of mimicking the complexity of the airway environment in the onset of airway infection; among others, they neither capture the relevant anatomical features nor the physiological flows innate of the acinar milieu. Here, novel microfluidic‐based acini‐on‐chips that mimic more closely the native acinar airways at a true scale with an anatomically inspired, multigeneration alveolated tree are presented and an inhalation‐like maneuver is delivered. Composed of human alveolar epithelial lentivirus immortalized cells and macrophages‐like human THP‐1 cells at an air–liquid interface, the models maintain critically an epithelial barrier with immune function. To demonstrate, the usability and versatility of the platforms, a realistic inhalation exposure assay mimicking bacterial infection is recapitulated, whereby the alveolar epithelium is exposed to lipopolysaccharides droplets directly aerosolized and the innate immune response is assessed by monitoring the secretion of IL8 cytokines. These efforts underscore the potential to deliver advanced in vitro biosystems that can provide new insights into drug screening as well as acute and subacute toxicity assays.

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An in silico scientific basis for LL‐37 as a therapeutic for Covid‐19

et al. 2021

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A multi‐pronged approach with help in all forms possible is essential to completely overcome the Covid‐19 pandemic. There is a requirement to research as many new and different types of approaches as possible to cater to the entire world population, complementing the vaccines with promising results. The need is also because SARS‐CoV‐2 has several unknown or variable facets which get revealed from time to time. In this work, in silico scientific findings are presented, which are indicative of the potential for the use of the LL‐37 human anti‐microbial peptide as a therapeutic against SARS‐CoV‐2. This indication is based on the high structural similarity of LL‐37 to the N‐terminal helix, with which the virus interacts, of the receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. Moreover, there is positive prediction of binding of LL‐37 to the receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2; this is the first study to have described this interaction. In silico data on the safety of LL‐37 are also reported. As Vitamin D is known to upregulate the expression of LL‐37, the vitamin is a candidate preventive molecule. This work provides the possible basis for an inverse correlation between Vitamin D levels in the body and the severity of or susceptibility to Covid‐19, as widely reported in literature. With the scientific link put forth herein, Vitamin D could be used at an effective, medically prescribed, safe dose as a preventive. The information in this report would be valuable in bolstering the worldwide efforts to eliminate the pandemic as early as possible.

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Inhaled insulin: overview of a novel route of insulin administration

Cited by 53 publications

References 69 publications

Advancements in Dry Powder Inhaler

Advancements in Dry Powder Inhaler

Capturing the Onset of Bacterial Pulmonary Infection in Acini‐On‐Chips

An in silico scientific basis for LL‐37 as a therapeutic for Covid‐19

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