Inhaled corticosteroids: not just for asthma, but for COVID-19?

Liew, Felicity; Openshaw, Peter

doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00053-4

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, inhaled budesonide reduces hospitalizations, symptoms intensity and time to recovery [35]. This was confirmed by a recent study conducted by Baker et al [36] that showed that the early administration of inhaled budesonide may have a modulatory effect on nasal mucosa, reducing epithelial damage and improving T-cell response in early phase of COVID-19, suggesting a systemic response to inhaler budesonide [37]. Furthermore, Bloom et al [38] found that asthmatic patients using ICS within 2 weeks of hospitalization had a lower mortality risk for COVID-19, as also confirmed by another study in which the use of ICS alone had a protective effect against ICU admission and mortality COVID-19 related [39].…”

Section: The Role Of Asthma Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Coronavirus disease 2019 and severe asthma

Benfante

Pirrello

Sala

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of reviewThe relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the most severe forms of asthma has been an object of discussion. Indeed, it is not clear whether asthma is among the risk factors for the occurrence of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, or rather it plays a protective role against the worsening of the respiratory involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, the extent to which coronavirus infection may trigger asthma attacks is still partly unknown. The current investigation aims at reviewing the available literature on the topic to address factors influencing this relationship. Recent findingsBased on recent observations, it is likely that type 2 inflammation plays a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. In particular, asthmatics show different expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) that are responsible for a reduced risk of infection as well as lower risk of hospitalization. Interestingly, studies showed a safe profile of inhaled corticosteroids and biological drugs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, inhaled corticosteroid could play a protective role against worsening of asthma.

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Section: The Role Of Asthma Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Coronavirus disease 2019 and severe asthma

Benfante

Pirrello

Sala

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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“…A study assessing inflammatory mediators in the nasal mucosa and blood of patients from the STOIC clinical trial and a SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort provided a mechanistic insight into the effects of inhaled budesonide on early COVID-19 infection and how this could lead to shortened recovery time in patients treated with budesonide [ 95 ]. It was found that there was a distinctive nasal inflammatory response in early COVID-19, comprising a combined type I and type II interferon response and a type 1 (T1) and T2 cytokine- and chemokine-mediated response [ 95 , 96 ]. Early administration of budesonide was found to attenuate inflammation by significantly suppressing IL-33 and interferon-γ, suggesting a dampening of the interferon response and reduced epithelial damage.…”

Section: Ics Use In Patients With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused severe illness and mortality for millions worldwide. Despite the development, approval and rollout of vaccination programmes globally to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), treatments are still urgently needed to improve outcomes. Early in the pandemic it was observed that patients with pre-existing asthma or COPD were underrepresented among those with COVID-19. Evidence from clinical studies indicates that the inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) routinely taken for asthma and COPD could have had a protective role in preventing severe COVID-19 and, therefore, may be a promising treatment for COVID-19. This review summarises the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of ICS on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and explores the potential protective mechanisms.

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“…The differences in the existing studies suggest that the interaction between COVID-19 and asthma remains unclear and requires high-quality evidence-based medical study on a large scale [ 9 ]. There is still little research on whether COVID-19 and asthma share pathogenic mechanisms and whether the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers are the same [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatic analysis and preliminary validation of potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 infection in asthma patients

Liu

Duo

et al. 2022

Cell Commun Signal

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Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 is also rapidly increasing worldwide, posing a significant challenge to human safety. Asthma is a risk factor for COVID-19, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of the asthma–COVID-19 interaction remain unclear. Methods We used transcriptome analysis to discover molecular biomarkers common to asthma and COVID-19. Gene Expression Omnibus database RNA-seq datasets (GSE195599 and GSE196822) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in asthma and COVID-19 patients. After intersecting the differentially expressed mRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to identify the common pathogenic molecular mechanism. Bioinformatic methods were used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and identify key genes from the networks. An online database was used to predict interactions between transcription factors and key genes. The differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the GSE195599 and GSE196822 datasets were intersected to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Interaction networks were constructed for key genes with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and oxidative stress-related proteins. The diagnostic efficacy of key genes in COVID-19 was verified with the GSE171110 dataset. The differential expression of key genes in asthma was verified with the GSE69683 dataset. An asthma cell model was established with interleukins (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17A) and transfected with siRNA-CXCR1. The role of CXCR1 in asthma development was preliminarily confirmed. Results By intersecting the differentially expressed genes for COVID-19 and asthma, 393 common DEGs were obtained. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs showed that they mainly affected inflammation-, cytokine- and immune-related functions and inflammation-related signaling pathways. By analyzing the PPI network, we obtained 10 key genes: TLR4, TLR2, MMP9, EGF, HCK, FCGR2A, SELP, NFKBIA, CXCR1, and SELL. By intersecting the differentially expressed lncRNAs for COVID-19 and asthma, 13 common differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained. LncRNAs that regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) were mainly concentrated in intercellular signal transduction, apoptosis, immunity and other related functional pathways. The ceRNA network suggested that there were a variety of regulatory miRNAs and lncRNAs upstream of the key genes. The key genes could also bind a variety of RBPs and oxidative stress-related genes. The key genes also had good diagnostic value in the verification set. In the validation set, the expression of key genes was statistically significant in both the COVID-19 group and the asthma group compared with the healthy control group. CXCR1 expression was upregulated in asthma cell models, and interference with CXCR1 expression significantly reduced cell viability. Conclusions Key genes may become diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of outcomes in COVID-19 and asthma.

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Inhaled corticosteroids: not just for asthma, but for COVID-19?

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 and severe asthma

Coronavirus disease 2019 and severe asthma

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19

Bioinformatic analysis and preliminary validation of potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 infection in asthma patients

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