Inhalation Toxicology of Fumed Dodecanediamine

Valentine, Raymond C.; Frame, Steven R.; Kennedy, Gerald L.

doi:10.1080/08958370490476695

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, substances with high water solubility are readily absorbed in the upper respiratory tract and nasal pathway (Valentine and Kennedy, 2008) and therefore do not readily reach the deep lung. Sensations of irritation reported by individuals exposed to high concentrations of PHMG (which is highly water soluble) are consistent with the exposures to particles greater than 5 µm and also highly water-soluble compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate from humidifiers in residential settings: Cause of serious lung disease

Lee

2017

Toxicol Ind Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to the humidifier disinfectant, polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), in mists generated from ultrasonic humidifiers was studied in a simulation chamber and apartment rooms. PHMG is suspected as a causative agent of lung disease in Korea residences. In the simulation-chamber study, the amount of disinfectant discharged from three different ultrasonic humidifiers was measured. Mists generated at 1, 2, and 4 times the recommended amount of disinfectant were sampled with an impinger, and the effect of relative humidity (RH) on airborne disinfectant concentration was studied by changing RH from 60%-70% to 90%-100%. In addition, particle size distribution (PSD) in mists was measured by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), and Mastersizer. In the apartment study, mists generated from ultrasonic humidifiers were sampled for 6 h in small and large rooms during fall ( n = 10) and winter ( n = 15). In the simulation study, the humidifiers discharged 205 ± 24.6 ml/h of mist at maximum capacity. Concentrations of airborne disinfectant increased with increasing concentration of disinfectant. RH affected airborne disinfectant concentration in the chamber, with increasing concentration with increasing RH. Below RH 70%, no airborne PHMG was detected. PHMG-containing mists generated from ultrasonic humidifier showed various sizes ranging from 149-157 nm to 690-740 nm to larger than 5.4 µm by SMPS, APS, and Mastersizer, respectively. Surface area mean diameter measured by Mastersizer ranged from 5.39 µm to 5.72 µm. In the apartment study conducted during the fall, the geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) and arithmetic mean (AM) and standard deviation (SD) of airborne PHMG concentration were 3.22 + 5.13 µg/m and 8.26 ± 12.18 µg/m, respectively. In the winter, GM + GSD and AM ± SD of airborne PHMG concentration were 0.21 + 2.11 µg/m and 0.35 ± 0.62 µg/m, respectively. RH and temperature in the apartment rooms for fall and winter were 22.5 ± 1.7°C, 74.5 ± 15.6% and 22.0 ± 2°C, 51.1 ± 12.9%, respectively. Different RHs in the fall and winter resulted in very different airborne concentrations of disinfectant in the apartment rooms. Exposure levels and PSD of mists generated from ultrasonic humidifiers in apartments are not sufficient to conclude that PHMG causes lung disease in Korean residences.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate from humidifiers in residential settings: Cause of serious lung disease

Lee

2017

Toxicol Ind Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nanotoxikologie – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

Krug

Wick

2011

Angewandte Chemie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Der aktuelle Anstieg bei den Verbraucherprodukten, die Nanomaterialien enthalten, als auch die Prognose zu den neuen Entwicklungen zu Anwendungen mit Nanopartikeln oder anderen Nanostrukturen bringt bei verschiedenen Organisationen, aber auch bei der Bevölkerung die Befürchtung auf, dass hier auch neue gesundheitliche Risiken entstehen können. Mit den Erfahrungen aus früheren Technologieentwicklungen sind solche Befürchtungen nicht ganz unbegründet, aber sind diese auch berechtigt? Ist es außerdem begründet, von der “Nanotoxikologie” als einer neuen Disziplin zu sprechen? Dieser Aufsatz soll die Besonderheiten beleuchten, die bei der Interaktion von Nanoobjekten mit Zellen, Geweben und Organismen auftreten können. Insbesondere wollen wir darauf aufmerksam machen, dass zwar viele Daten zu den biologischen Wirkungen von Nanomaterialien vorhanden sind, aber eine Reihe dieser Studien nicht verlässlich sind. Dies soll dabei hauptsächlich an Beispielen aus aktuellen Publikationen versucht werden, als dass wir direkt auf konkrete Materialien eingehen. Mit dem Verweis auf methodische Unzulänglichkeiten sowie Empfehlungen am Schluss des Aufsatzes, wie diese vermieden werden können, wollen wir außerdem zu einer nachhaltigen Verbesserung der Datenlage beitragen.

show abstract

Lesions in the Larynx of Wistar RccHanTM: WIST Rats

Weber¹,

Germann²,

Iwata³

et al. 2009

J Toxicol Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specific regions in the rat larynx exhibit cellular changes in response to inhaled xenobiotics. These regions include the base of the epiglottis, ventral pouch, and medial surfaces of the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. 1 , 2 In order to collect information on the usefulness of trimming techniques, the influence of different vehicles, the impact of different application routes in toxicity studies, and differences between induced vs. spontaneous lesions, the data obtained from a large number of inhalation and non-inhalation studies performed in Wistar RCCHanTM: Wist rats at Harlan Laboratories Ltd Switzerland, all evaluated or reviewed by the same pathologist, were compiled for a detailed review. The value of different trimming techniques was deemed to be greatest for transverse and sagittolongitudinal section techniques, as compared to horizontolongitudinally section techniques. The comparison of lesions encountered in control rats of inhalation studies treated with different vehicles did not reveal differences in the type, distribution pattern, incidence and/or severity of spontaneous lesions. The types of lesions were also independent of different application routes in non-inhalation studies compared to inhalation studies. The pattern of spontaneous lesions in the rodent larynx was determined by degenerative and inflammatory lesions starting most often in the submucosal glands by desiccated secretion followed by mineralization and local inflammation or were induced by impacted foreign bodies. Squamous metaplasia was recorded in the respiratory epithelium overlaying the ventral gland as a spontaneous lesion in male Wistar rats from inhalation studies with a maxim of 20.0% in an inhalation oncogenicity study. Induced metaplastic changes recorded in the larynx were reversible. Other induced lesions in inhalation studies consisted of submucosal edema, necrosis, inflammation and/or granuloma. Induced lesions in non-inhalation studies were found to be exclusively related to reflux laryngitis or food impaction. It is concluded, that in rodents induced lesions of the larynx differ in type, distribution pattern, severity and incidence from spontaneous lesions.

show abstract

Inhalation Toxicology of Fumed Dodecanediamine

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Human exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate from humidifiers in residential settings: Cause of serious lung disease

Human exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate from humidifiers in residential settings: Cause of serious lung disease

Nanotoxikologie – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

Lesions in the Larynx of Wistar RccHanTM: WIST Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About