Inhalation Exposure to PCB from Contaminated Indoor Air—How Much Is Absorbed into the Blood?

Kraft, Martin; Rauchfuss, Knut; Fromme, Hermann; Grün, L; Sievering, Silvia; Köllner, Barbara; Chovolou, Yvonni

doi:10.3390/pollutants1030015

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous work has been conducted in which all 209 congeners were quantified in air and serum. ,,,,, However, none to-date has conducted a similarly comprehensive analysis of PCBs in wristbands. Generally, we were able to capture a broader range and number of PCB congeners in the wristbands compared to previous total congener work in air and serum. ,, PCB-52 and in some cases −11 appeared to be prominent in US school indoor air concentrations. , PCB-52 (coeluting with −69) was similarly one of the prominent PCBs found on the demolition wristbands, but other tetra-CBs were far more abundant compared to the US school air concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, coeluting PCB groupings containing PCB-44 and -70 measured in those school samples were estimated to contribute heavily to total PCB inhalation exposure among both children and adults, which corresponds with two of three of the most abundant congeners found in the wristbands here . Serum samples in both American and German adults and American children were dominated by hexa- and hepta-CBs, with few to no lower-chlorinated PCBs detected, which is very different from the demolition worker wristbands. ,, Within these homologue groups, however, the specific prominent congeners were expectedly similar to indicator PCBs such as PCB-118, -138, and -153 dominating, in wristbands here and serum measured in those other studies. Few studies have evaluated any PCBs in wristbands beyond those in the aforementioned residents’ study and all for a lesser number of congeners or in qualitative screens. − In these cases, participants who wore the wristbands included children and adults as well as some office workers from four continents and firefighters, and they were effectively exposed to background concentrations of PCBs, which is comparatively low .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers

Hammel,

Frederiksen

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A social housing estate in Denmark was designated for demolition due to exceedance of guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor air. Here, we deployed precleaned silicone wristbands (n = 46) among demolition workers of these contaminated buildings during single workdays while conducting various work tasks. We established a method to analyze all 209 PCBs in wristbands to identify prominent congeners of exposure and evaluate differences between tasks. Wristbands were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction and then concentrated for gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Twenty-nine chromatographic peaks representing 37 congeners were detected in every wristband, and tetra-CBs were the dominant homologue group. PCB-66, -44, and -70 were the most abundant congeners measured in worker wristbands, none of which are included within the typical seven indicator or WHO 12 PCBs. Workers who cut PCB-containing sealants had wristbands with the highest PCB concentrations (geometric mean ∑ 209 PCBs = 1963 ng/g wristband), which were followed by those handling concrete elements on the building roof. Additionally, wristbands captured a broader range of PCBs than has been previously measured in air and serum samples. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of total congener analysis in assessing current PCB exposure in demolition work and the utility of wristbands for assessing these exposures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers

Hammel,

Frederiksen

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Indoor exposure to PCBs in contaminated buildings can occur via air and dust inhalation and dust ingestion [ 49 , 74 ]. The inhalation of PCBs from contaminated indoor air may lead to significant PCB levels in the blood [ 75 ]. Table 2 shows the concentration and dominant congeners in indoor environments in different settings.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pcbs In the Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Pollution in the Air: Where and How Much Are We Exposed to?

Othman

Ismail

Selamat

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industrial and commercial applications, until they were banned in the late 1970s as a result of their significant environmental pollution. PCBs in the environment gained scientific interest because of their persistence and the potential threats they pose to humans. Traditionally, human exposure to PCBs was linked to dietary ingestion. Inhalational exposure to these contaminants is often overlooked. This review discusses the occurrence and distribution of PCBs in environmental matrices and their associated health impacts. Severe PCB contamination levels have been reported in e-waste recycling areas. The occurrence of high PCB levels, notably in urban and industrial areas, might result from extensive PCB use and intensive human activity. Furthermore, PCB contamination in the indoor environment is ten-fold higher than outdoors, which may present expose risk for humans through the inhalation of contaminated air or through the ingestion of dust. In such settings, the inhalation route may contribute significantly to PCB exposure. The data on human health effects due to PCB inhalation are scarce. More epidemiological studies should be performed to investigate the inhalation dose and response mechanism and to evaluate the health risks. Further studies should also evaluate the health impact of prolonged low-concentration PCB exposure.

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“…The main pathway of human exposure to POPs is diet, through consumption of animal-based fatty foods . Indoor air is another important exposure source of PCBs, settling on surfaces and accumulating in household dust . Due to their lipophilic nature and very low elimination rates, even after external exposure ceases, POPs stored in adipose tissue continue to serve as an internal source of exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Adipose Tissue and Circulating Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Midlife Women

Grant-Alfieri,

Devasurendra,

Batterman

et al. 2024

Environ. Health

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that bioaccumulate in adipose tissue. We investigated the relationship between change in central adiposity and changes in circulating concentrations of POPs over a 12-year period during the midlife. Serum concentrations of 34 PCBs and 19 OCPs were measured at four time points (1999/2000, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/11) in a cohort of midlife women, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed models were used to test the association between a change in waist circumference and a change in serum POP concentrations. Sixty-five women contributed 181 PCB observations. Fifty-nine women contributed 151 OCP observations. After adjustment for covariates (study site, race and ethnicity, age at baseline, parity), a one-inch (2.54 cm) increase in the change in waist circumference between visits was associated with a 4.9% decrease in the change in serum concentration of PCB 194 (95% CI: −8.0%, −1.6%). No associations were observed for other PCB congeners or the presence of OCPs. An increase in the difference in waist circumference over time was not associated with a change in the difference in serum concentrations of PCBs and OCPs except for PCB 194, possibly due to the high lipophilicity.

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Inhalation Exposure to PCB from Contaminated Indoor Air—How Much Is Absorbed into the Blood?

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers

Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers

A Review of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Pollution in the Air: Where and How Much Are We Exposed to?

Changes in Adipose Tissue and Circulating Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Midlife Women

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